某化工厂恶性肿瘤死亡的回顾性队列研究

目的：了解职业因素对化工厂工人恶性肿瘤死亡的影响。方法：采用流行病学队列研究方法对该厂接触毒物工人疾病死亡原因进行29年回顾性分析。结果：硫酸、磷肥两车间肝癌死亡明显高于对照组（P＜0．05或0．01）；磷肥车间全癌死亡也明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。此外，磷肥车间累计接毒工龄15－20年（或年龄40－50岁）全癌死亡、累计接毒工龄20年以上（或年龄50岁以上）肝癌死亡标化相对危险度（SRR）明显高于对照组（P＜0．05或0．01）；硫酸车间累计接毒工龄20年以上（或年龄50岁以上）肝癌死亡SRR也明显高于对照组（P＜0．05或0．01）。结论：本研究表明，某化工厂癌症发生可能与其生产环境中存在的铁金属矿尘、磷矿石粉尘以及氟化物等职业危害因素的综合作用有关。

A retrospective cohort study on the death cause of malignant neoplasms in a chemical factory

Objective In order to study the effects of occupational hazard on the malignant death causes of exposed workers. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on the death causes of exposed workers for a period of 29 years. Results These results showed that the death causes from liver cancer of sulfuric acid and phosphorous fertilizer workerplaces were significantly higher than that of control group ( P< 0.05 or 0.01),in addition, the death cause from all cancer,compared with the population of 15-20 years' work (or aged from 40 to 50), the SRR from all cancer of phosphorous fertilizer workplace was significantly higher than that of control group ( P< 0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the population of above 20 years' work (or aged above 50),the SRR from liver cancer of sulfuric acid and phosphorous fertilizer workplaces were significantly higher than those of control group ( P< 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The result showed that the cancer was probably related to iron mine dust, phosphorous mine dust and fluoride in the chemical factory, they might exert a joint effect to the people.