中老年视力障碍患者抑郁症状及其影响因素研究

目的 了解中老年视力障碍患者的抑郁症状流行水平及危险因素，为降低视力障碍患者抑郁症状检出率提供依据。方法 数据来源于2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查，选择自报失明或半失明患者作为研究对象，经过筛选得到有效样本1 462例，采用流调用抑郁自评量表（CES-D）得分评定抑郁症状，单因素分析采用卡方检验，多因素分析采用二分类logistic回归。结果 调查对象平均年龄（65±10）岁，抑郁症状率为45.6%，抑郁症状平均得分为（10±7）分。55～64岁年龄组抑郁症状检出率高于≥75岁年龄组〔比值比（OR）=1.679，P<0.01〕；女性抑郁症状检出率高于男性（OR=1.310，P<0.05）；城市患者抑郁症状检出率低于农村患者（OR=0.480，P<0.001)；未患慢性病的患者抑郁症状检出率低于患慢性病的患者（OR=0.534，P<0.001)；自评总体健康好的患者抑郁症状检出率低于自评差的患者（OR=0.324，P<0.001）；无其他残疾患者抑郁症状检出率低于患有其他两种及以上残疾的患者（OR=0.570，P<0.01)；睡眠时间较短的患者抑郁症状检出率高于睡眠时间正常的患者（OR=1.570，P<0.01)；自评记忆力好的患者抑郁症状检出率低于自评差的患者（OR=0.380，P<0.001）；生活极度满意的患者抑郁症状检出率低于一点也不满意的患者（OR=0.126，P<0.001）。结论 中老年视力障碍患者抑郁症状检出率较高，其抑郁症状检出率与年龄、性别、城乡、是否患慢性病、自评总体健康、是否患有其他残疾、睡眠时长、自评记忆力、生活满意度有关。

Prevalence and Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in Middle and Senior Aged Populations with Visual Impairment

Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms in visually impaired mid- and old-aged populations. Methods Data were extracted from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database. A total of 1 462 mid- and old-aged respondents reported visual problems. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Results The study participants had an average age of (65±10) years. About 45.6% reported depression symptoms, with an average CES-D score of 10±7. The respondents aged between 55 and 64 years 〔odds ratio (OR)=1.679)〕, women (OR=1.310), and those who had shorter sleeping (OR=1.570) were more likely to have depressive symptoms than others (P<0.05). Lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (P<0.05) was found in the respondents who resided in urban areas (OR=0.480), had no chronic disease (OR=0.534), had no other disabilities (OR=0.570), perceived better general health (OR=0.324), reported better memory (OR=0.380), and expressed better life satisfaction (OR=0.126). Conclusion Visually impaired mid- and old-aged people have high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Age, gender, residency, chronic conditions, self-rated general health, other disabilities, sleeping deprivation, memory, and life satisfaction are determinants of the prevalence of depressive symptoms.