经支气管针吸活检术在现代儿科介入呼吸病学的应用

经支气管针吸活检术(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)是一项重要的呼吸内镜介入诊疗技术,它在纵隔、肺门、肺部外周结节病变的性质诊断,以及肺癌的分型分期等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。相较于纵隔镜及开胸探查术,TBNA具有操作简便、创伤小、费用低及并发症少等特点,在成人呼吸系统疾病得到广泛应用。但儿童因自身特点,对TBNA的技术、器材、麻醉等要求较高,应用TBNA时面临更多的挑战。随着技术的不断改进,以及儿童呼吸介入医师的不断探索,TBNA在儿童中运用也越来越多,填补了常规诊治过程中的空白,为纵隔或肺门病变患儿带来新的诊断理念和方法。

Application of TBNA in modern pediatric interventional respiratory diseases

Transbronchial needle aspiration（TBNA） is an important technique of endoscopic interventional diagnosis and treatment of lung disease. It plays an important role in the diagnosis of the nature of mediastinal, hilar and peripheral nodule lesions，as well as in the classification and staging of lung cancer. Compared with mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy，TBNA has the advantages of simple operation，less trauma，low cost and fewer complications. It has been widely used in adult respiratory diseases. However，because of their own characteristics，children have higher requirements on TBNA technology，equipment，anesthesia and so on，and the application of TBNA faces more challenges. With the continuous improvement of technology and the continuous exploration of pediatric respiratory interventional physicians，TBNA has been used more and more often in children，filling in the blank of routine diagnosis and treatment and bringing new diagnostic ideas and methods for children with mediastinal or hilar lesions.