Traffic-related air pollution and risk of preterm birth in the San Joaquin Valley of California |
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| Institution: | 1. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States;2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;3. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;1. Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan;2. Kaba Memorial Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan;3. Department of Obstetrics, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan;4. Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan;5. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo evaluate associations between traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth in births in four counties in California during years 2000 to 2006.MethodsWe used logistic regression to examine the association between the highest quartile of ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter <10 and 2.5 μm) and traffic density during pregnancy and each of five levels of prematurity based on gestational age at birth (20–23, 24–27, 28–31, 32–33, and 34–36 weeks) versus term (37–42 weeks). We examined trimester averages and the last month and the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. Models were adjusted for birthweight, maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal care, and birth costs payment. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) was evaluated as a potential effect modifier.ResultsThere were increased odds ratios (ORs) for early preterm birth for those exposed to the highest quartile of each pollutant during the second trimester and the end of pregnancy (adjusted OR, 1.4–2.8). Associations were stronger among mothers living in low SES neighborhoods (adjusted OR, 2.1–4.3). We observed exposure–response associations for multiple pollutant exposures and early preterm birth. Inverse associations during the first trimester were observed.ConclusionsThe results confirm associations between traffic-related air pollution and prematurity, particularly among very early preterm births and low SES neighborhoods. |
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| Keywords: | Air pollution Preterm birth Pregnancy |
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