新冠疫情中家庭功能与儿童正向成长关系的纵向研究

目的 探索新冠疫情下儿童的家庭功能对正向成长素质（positive youth development, PYD）的预测关系以及家庭功能对PYD随时间变化的预测关系。方法 本研究使用成都儿童正向成长队列（CPCD）的基线数据和第一轮随访数据，采用中国家庭功能测评量表（C-FAI）、正向成长量表（PYD）调查队列中3～6年级4 651名小学生的家庭功能和PYD。采用Pearson相关及分层回归分析，分析家庭功能与PYD的相关性，并探索家庭功能对PYD的预测作用。结果 （1）家庭功能与基线调查的PYD（r=-0.48，P＜0.001）、与第一轮随访调查的PYD（r=-0.46,P＜0.001）均呈负相关，基线调查的家庭功能与第一轮随访调查中PYD呈负相关（r=-0.37，P＜0.001）。（2）基线调查（β=-0.21～-0.30，P＜0.05）和第一轮随访调查（β=-0.10～-0.39，P＜0.05）家庭功能五个维度在横向上均负向预测PYD；基线调查的家庭功能五维度负向预测第一轮随访调查的PYD（β=-0.14～-0.28，P＜0.05），其中家庭沟通、相互关系、父母关心和父母控制四个功能维度均跨时间负向预测PYD（β=-0.02～0.12，P＜0.05）。结论 家庭功能是PYD的预测因子，家庭功能中家庭沟通、相互关系、父母关心、父母控制均为PYD的保护因素，加强家庭成员间的良性互动，提高家庭功能可能降低新冠疫情对儿童的负面影响。

A longitudinal study of the relationship between family functioning and positive child development during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective To investigate the predictive role of family functioning in Positive Youth Development (PYD) in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the predictive role of family functioning in changes of PYD over time. Methods This study used baseline data and the first round of follow-up data from the Chengdu Children’s Positive Child Cohort (CPCD) to measure family functioning and PYD quality in 4 651 elementary school students in grades 3-6 in the cohort using the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument (C-FAI) and the Chinese Positive Youth Development (CPYD). Pearson correlation analysis and stratified regression were used to analyze the correlation between family functioning and PYD quality, and to explore the predictive role of family functioning on PYD quality. Results (1) Family functioning was negatively correlated with PYD from the baseline survey (r=-0.48, P<0.001) and with PYD from the first follow-up survey (r=-0.46, P<0.001). Family functioning at baseline was negatively associated with PYD at the first follow-up (r=-0.37, P<0.001). (2) All five dimensions of family functioning in the baseline survey (β=-0.21 to -0.30, P<0.05) and the first follow-up survey (β=-0.10 to -0.39, P<0.05) negatively predicted PYD. The five dimensions of family functioning in the baseline survey negatively predicted PYD at the first follow-up (β=-0.14 to -0.28, P<0.001), with the four functional dimensions of family communication, family relationships, parental concern, and parental control negatively predicting across time PYD across time (β=-0.02 to -0.12, P<0.05). Conclusion Family function is a predictor of PYD quality, and communication, mutuality, parental concern, and parental control among family functions are all protective factors for PYD. Strengthening positive interactions among family members and improving family functions may reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children.