基于社会支持理论的肺结核患者恐惧疾病复发现状及影响因素分析*

目的: 基于社会支持理论模型,探讨肺结核患者恐惧疾病复发情况并分析其影响因素,为医护人员实施综合性、个性化护理干预提供依据。方法: 采用方便抽样的方法,选取天津市某三级甲等医院结核科住院的肺结核患者152例,采用一般资料、社会支持评定量表、恐惧疾病进展简化量表进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析。结果: 肺结核患者社会支持总分为(33.13±9.60)分;恐惧疾病复发总分为（33.39±10.89）分,超出正常水平者（≥34分）77例,占50.7%。社会支持及各维度得分与恐惧疾病复发及各维度得分呈负相关（P<0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示,社会支持、年龄是恐惧疾病复发的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论: 肺结核患者的恐惧疾病复发水平不容乐观,社会支持水平、年龄可以独立影响恐惧疾病复发水平。护理人员应与多部门合作,制定综合性、多维度、多元化的干预措施,提高其社会支持度,以降低肺结核患者恐惧疾病复发水平,提高治疗效果。

Analysis of the status quo and influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients’ fear of disease recurrence based on the theory of social support

Objective: To explore the fear of disease recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and analyze its influencing factors based on the theoretical model of social support, so as to provide reference for the medical staff to implement comprehensive and personalized nursing interventions. Methods: 152 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were hospitalized in the tuberculosis department of a tertiary Class A hospital in Tianjin were selected by the convenient sampling method. Questionnaires were surveyed using the general data questionnaire, social support rating scale, and fear of progression questionnaire-short form. Results: The total score of social support for pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 33.13±9.60; the total score of fear of disease recurrence was 33.39±10.89, 77 cases(50.7%) exceeded the normal level(≥34).The scores of social support and each dimension were negatively correlated with the scores of fear of disease recurrence and each dimension（P<0.01）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that social support and age were independent factors influencing the fear of disease recurrence(P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of fear of disease recurrence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was not optimistic. The level of social support and age could independently affect the level of fear of disease recurrence. Nursing staff should cooperate with other departments to formulate comprehensive, multi-dimensional, and diversified intervention measures to improve their social support, so as to reduce the level of fear of recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and improve the treatment effect.