新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间不同人群知信行及心理状况研究

目的为制订新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间针对性心理干预措施提供依据。方法COVID-19疫情期间,采用知信行理论和抑郁和焦虑自评量表,设计调查问卷,采用滚雪球抽样法,对河南省郑州市18岁以上医护人员、大学生和社区居民进行问卷调查,了解其认知、态度、行为及心理状况,并分析相关影响因素。结果医护人员的知识得分明显高于其他组(P<0.01),学历组间差异显著(P<0.01),态度和行为组间无显著差异;89.41%的被调查者存在不同程度的焦虑状况,焦虑得分的主要影响因素为性别(P<0.05)、职业(P<0.01)、文化程度(P<0.01)、认知(P<0.05);多元回归分析显示,纳入模型的3个变量,学历(研究生)、性别和职业(居民)是影响不同人群焦虑的主要因素(P<0.05),能够解释焦虑12.9%的变异。结论COVID-19疫情期间,各类人群均存在不同程度的焦虑状况,尤其是针对女性、高学历、社区居民更应采取相应的心理干预措施,减轻疫情带来的心理创伤。

Knowledge-Attitude-Practice and Psychological Status of Different People During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

Objective To provide the basis for the formulation of psychological intervention measures in view of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.Methods During the COVID-19 epidemic,t he questionnaire was designed by using the theory of knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)and doing and the self-rating scale of depression,and the snowball sampling method was used to investigate the KAP and psychological status of medical staff,college students and community residents over 18 years old in Zhengzhou City,Henan,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The knowledge scores of health-care workers were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.01),there was significant difference in educational background(P<0.01),but there was no difference in attitude and behavior.89.41%of the respondents had different levels of anxiety,the gender(P<0.05),occupation(P<0.01),education level(P<0.01)and cognition(P<0.05)were different in anxiety scores.Multiple regression analysis showed that the three variablesacademic history(postgraduate),gender and occupation(residents)]included in the model were the influencing factors of anxiety in different groups(P<0.05),which could explain 12.9%of the variance in anxiety.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,all kinds of people have different levels of anxiety,especially for women,high education level,community residents,corresponding psychological intervention measures should be taken to slow the psychological damage caused by the outbreak of COVID-19.