Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indians with young onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes |
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| Institution: | 1. Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India;2. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA;1. School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China;2. Centre for Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical, University, Dalian, China;3. Liaoning Key Lab of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine R&D, Dalian, China;4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China;5. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China;6. Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA;7. College of engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK;1. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. General Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;6. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil;2. Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu UST, São Paulo/SP, Brazil;3. Translational Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo/SP, Brazil;1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People''s Hospital, Beijing, China;2. Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China;3. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China;4. Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China;2. Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. Regional Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BA, UK;2. Nutrition and Metabolism Group, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK |
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| Abstract: | AimTo assess the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in people with young onset type 1 (T1DM-Y) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM-Y).MethodsT1DM-Y(n = 150) and T2DM-Y(n = 150) participants, age between 10 and 25 years at diagnosis, had a complete clinical evaluation, biochemical assessment, and four field digital retinal colour photography. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system was used to grade DR. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) were considered as sight threatening DR.ResultsThe prevalence of any DR was 53.3% 95% CI 45.3–61.3] in T1DM-Y (duration of diabetes: 12.4 ±7.4years) and 52.7% 44.7–60.7] in T2DM-Y (11.8 ± 8.3 years). The age and gender adjusted prevalence of DR, DME and PDR was 62.5%, 10% and 7.3% in T1DM-Y, whereas it was 65.8%,12.7% and 9.3% in T2DM-Y respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, diabetes duration Odds ratio (OR) 1.99 per 5 years; CI 1.42–2.79], waist circumference 1.28 per 5 cm;1.05–1.56] and microalbuminuria 2.39 per 50 μg;1.07–5.31] were associated with DR in T1DM-Y, and diabetes duration 2.21 per 5 years; 1.61–3.02], diastolic blood pressure 1.54 per 5 mmHg;1.18–2.02], Glycated hemoglobin 1.37 per %;1.07–1.75] and lower stimulated C-peptide 1.54 per 0.5 pmol/ml;1.15–2.05;] were associated with DR in T2DM-Y.ConclusionOver half of the people with young-onset diabetes, regardless of type, have retinopathy within 10–12 years of diabetes duration, emphasizing the need for regular eye screening and aggressive control of glucose and blood pressure to prevent DR. |
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