Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancers |
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| Authors: | Yu‐Jie Shi Julia Y. S. Tsang Yun‐Bi Ni Gary M. Tse |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;2. Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong |
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| Abstract: | Intratumoral heterogeneity presents challenges in the management of cancer. To gain deeper insight in intratumoral heterogeneity at different levels and tumor sites for common biomarkers in breast cancers, this report examines seven cases of invasive breast cancer with multiple axillary nodal metastases and/or recurrences for immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth receptor 2, and Ki67 on all tissue blocks in both primary and metastatic tumors. |
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| Keywords: | Breast cancer Tumor heterogeneity Biomarker Immunohistochemistry |
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