乡镇废旧蓄电池回收对环境和儿童血铅的影响

目的 分析某乡镇废旧蓄电池回收对环境和儿童血铅水平的影响,为治理环境、防止儿童铅中毒提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样方法,从高污染区、中污染区和相对清洁区分别选取5～9岁在校生进行血铅测定,并对其生活环境中空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦中铅的含量进行检测.结果 高污染区的空气、土壤和小麦铅污染最严重(均值分别为0.0163mg/m³、1.1614mg/kg、7.9050mg/kg),饮用水铅含量虽低于国家卫生标准,但明显高于相对清洁区;中污染区的空气、土壤和小麦也受到一定程度铅污染(均值分别为0.0094mg/m³、0.2910mg/kg、2.4275mg/kg),饮用水铅含量低于国家卫生标准(均值为0.0048mg/L);相对清洁区的空气、土壤、饮用水和小麦无明显铅污染(均值分别为0.0.0047mg/m³、0.0534mg/kg、0.0032mg/L、0.3650mg/kg).3组儿童血铅均值分别为532μg/L、452μg/L、126μg/L,3组间存在显着性差异(P<0.05),且环境铅含量越高,儿童血铅水平越高.结论 该镇废旧蓄电池回收行业已造成区域性严重铅污染,致使儿童血铅明显升高,社会干预刻不容缓.

Study on Effects of Battrey Recycling on Environment and Blood Lead of Children Living in Villages

Objective In order to analyse the effects of battery recycling on environment and blood lead of children and to provide scientific basis for making enviroment under control and preventing lead poison of children.Methods Blood lead levels of children aged 5-9 years were tested,who living in heavy,moderate lead pollutant areas and control area.Lead levels in air,soil,drinking water and crops were determined.Results Lead pollution of air,soil and wheat in heavy polluted area was most seriously(average value is 0.016 3mg/m³,1.161 4mg/kg,7.905 0mg/kg respectively).Lead content of drinking water was obviously more than that of clear area,although it lowered the national standard.The air,soil and wheat of moderate polluted area was also polluted by lead to some extent(average value was 0.009 4mg/m³,0.291 0mg/kg,2.427 5mg/kg repsectively).The lead content of drinking water lowered the national standard(average value was 0.004 8mg/L).The air,soil,drinking water and wheat in control area were not polluted by lead(average value was 0.000 47mg/m³,0.053 4mg/kg,0.003 2mg/L,0.365 0mg/kg).The blood lead level of children from three groups were 532μg/L,452μg/L,126μg/L.Conclusion Small battery recycling industry induced serious lead pollution problems,which caused elevated blood lead level of children.It was necessary to carry out a social intervention program.