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Cytokine-induced enhancement of calcium-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes mediated by nitric oxide
Authors:Ida Tomoaki  Hara Masayuki  Nakamura Yoichi  Kozaki Shunji  Tsunoda Shigeru  Ihara Hideshi
Institution:Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
Abstract:Cytokines are produced in the central nervous system (CNS) and exhibit various effects on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Astrocytes can release chemical transmitters, including glutamate, in a calcium-dependent manner, which may mediate communication between neurons and astrocytes. To date, no studies have been conducted on the effects of cytokines on calcium-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes. Here, we studied the effects of cytokines on calcium-dependent glutamate release. Cytokines enhanced glutamate release and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO). The inhibition of iNOS eliminated the cytokine-induced enhancement of glutamate release, and treatment with a NO donor, even in the absence of cytokines, increased glutamate release. Thus, cytokines enhance glutamate release, and this enhancement is mediated by NO.
Keywords:Astrocytes  DJ-1  Hippocampus  Neuronal death  Oxidative stress  Trimethyltin
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