流行性腮腺炎病毒的分子流行病学研究

流行性腮腺炎(腮腺炎)是由腮腺炎病毒(MuV)引起的急性呼吸道传染病。截止2004年,MuV已发现了12个基因型,分别命名为A~L基因型。不同基因型MuV的分布具有地域性。研究表明,在同一地域的不同时期可能有不同基因型MuV在流行,在一个国家或地区也可能同时有不同基因型的MuV流行。MuV仅一个血清型,不同的MuV基因型之间有抗原交叉性,这种交叉性是至关重要的。可保护接种疫苗后的人群免受不同基因型MuV的感染。但有些体内和体外实验表明,基因型之间的抗原交叉性是有限的。流行病学数据还表明,某些毒株和基因型或基因型内某一组病毒具有神经毒性。近年来,调查了不同MuV的神经毒性,发现C、D、G、HI、、J基因型具有明确的神经毒性。但目前引起神经毒性的遗传学基础还不清楚。虽然,目前还无流行病学证据证明在不同的基因型或毒株之间出现抗原交叉性降低现象。但有数据表明,连续的进化和基因型的再分布在理论上可能导致神经毒力增强或交叉中和能力降低的毒株出现。因此,对MuV进行分子流行病学研究,了解基因型的分布,监测人群对基因型的特异性免疫是非常必要的。

Molecular Epidemiological Research on Mumps Virus

Mumps is a acute infectious disease caused by mumps virus.By the year of 2004,12 genotypes namely A-J have been described.These genotypes are defined on the basis of the SH gene nucleotide sequence,the most variable part of the MuV genome.MuV genotypes exhibit a differential geographic distribution.Within a country or region,several genotype may circulate simultaneously and differential distribution of genotypes may also occur.Mumps virus has a single serotype.There is cross-neutralization capacity in different MuV genotypes which is important,because currently used vaccine strains represent only a few known genotypes, In vivo and in vitro observations suggest that cross-neutralization may be limited.And epidemiological studies have found an association between distinct strains,genotypes or clusters within genotypes,and increased neurovirulence.For example,MuV strains belonging to genotypes C,D,H or J were all able to cause CNS disease.But the genetic basis of MuV neurovirulence is unknown.There is no evidence for an epidemiological significance of reduced cross-neutralisation between different MuV genotypes or strains at present.But strain redistribution may lead to the emergence of new MuV strains with enhanced neurovirulence or reduced cross-neutralization capacity with current vaccine strains.Therefore,surveillance of the molecular epidemiology of MuV and population immunity against MuV genotypes is warranted.