室内环境空气中VOCs及醛酮类污染调查

目的调查新建校舍室内空气中挥发性有机化学物质(VOCs)和甲醛(HCHO)等醛酮类化学物质污染现状,探讨污染的动态变化和危险性。方法以气相色谱-质谱法分析室内空气中VOCs污染水平,应用高效液相色谱法(HLPC)法检测空气中醛酮类物质,以观察污染的变化趋势。结果3种用途校舍使用初期,室内空气中13项VOCs指标均有不同程度检出,其中甲苯污染为主,占检出VOCs的90%以上,最高达3 044μg/m³。室内空气中醛酮类物质呈多态样变化,甲醛污染水平以8月最高(230μg/m³),1年后降至使用初期的60%,呈伴时间推移逐渐降低的趋势,甲醛的释放与室温变化呈正相关(r>0.6410,P<0.01,n=13);使用初期室内空气中丙酮和乙醛最高污染浓度分别为669和134μg/m³;1年后降至52和49μg/m³以下。结论校舍使用初期室内空气中VOCs和醛酮类污染普遍存在。空气中甲醛随使用时间的延长呈现伴夏季升高的螺旋样下降趋势;丙酮和乙醛呈波浪样下降;VOCs的污染水平使用初期最高,但下降较快,1个月后至初始的1/10~1/20。

Study no indoor air pollution by VOCs and aldehyde ketones

ObjectiveTo investigate the pollutional status of VOCs,HCHO,acteone and acetaldeyde in indoor air of newly-built,research the dynamic trend and the risk of indoor pollution.MethodsTo analyze the concentration of VOCs in indoor air by GC-MS/SIM and aldehyde ketones by HL PC.Results13 chemicals of VOCs were detected at outset using in 3 newly-built rooms,among which more than 90% was toluene,the highest level was 3 044μg/m³.The concentration of aldehyde ketones in indoor air showed diverse change;the highest concentration of HCHO went up to 230μg/m³ in August in classroom,and lowered to 60% after one year.The dynamic trend was detected that the concentration of HCHO dropped gradually follow along with the time;also the pollutional level of HCHO and room temperature revealed a positive correlation (r>0.6410,P<0.01,n=13).The concentration of acetone and acetaldehyde decreased from 669 and to 52 and 49μg/m³ respectively after one year.ConclusionThe pollution of VOCs and aldehyde ketones in indoor air is ubiquity in newlybuilt.HCHO drops spirally along with the time,and but with transitory rises in summer,acetone and acetaldehyde decreases wavily.After a month VOCs lowers to 1/10～1/20 of outset quickly.