冠心病住院患者疾病认知和自我效能状态及影响因素调查

目的调查冠心病住院患者疾病认知和自我效能状态及影响因素。方法选择2012年2～12月在杭州师范大学附属医院心内科住院治疗的230例冠心病患者作为研究对象，收集患者一般资料和疾病相关资料．采用冠心病知识和认知量表和冠心病患者自我效能量表进行疾病认知和自我效能调查。结果本组患者冠心病知识和认知量表得分为（12．31±2．22）分，得分指数为（0．61±0．02），认知水平偏低。不同年龄段、教育水平、经济水平及在职和退休、城市和乡村、有无家族史的患者得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），多因素分析结果显示，教育水平、职业状况、居住地、经济水平和家族史对冠心病患者疾病认知的影响有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。本组患者冠心病自我效能得分为（84．19±6．54）分，得分指数为（0．70±0．03），自我效能不高。不同年龄段、教育水平、经济水平及高盐或／和高盐饮食、是否坚持运动、城市和乡村、有无家族史的患者得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；多因素分析结果显示，年龄、教育水平、运动锻炼、居住地及经济水平对冠心病患者自我效能的影响有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论冠心病住院患者疾病认知水平和自我效能偏低，疾病认知受到教育水平、职业状况、居住地、经济水平和家族史的显著影响，而自我效能受到年龄、教育水平、运动锻炼、居住地及经济水平的显著影响，针对影响因素制定护理管理措施将有利于提高患者对冠心病的认知和自我效能。

Disease awareness, self-efficacy status and influencing factors of hospitalized coronary heart disease patients

Objective To investigate coronary heart disease patients hospitalized for disease awareness and self-efficacy status and influencing factors. Methods From February 2012 to December 2012, 230 patients with coronary artery disease as an object of study in Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital were collected general information and disease-related information, the use of coronary heart disease knowledge and cognitive scale and patients with coronary heart disease awareness and self-efficacy survey by self-efficacy scale. Results The group of patients with coronary heart disease knowledge and cognitive scale score points was （12.31±2.22）, score index was （0.61±0.02）, low cognitive level. Of different ages, education levels, economic levels, and on the job and retirement, urban and rural, with or without a family history of patients score differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）, the multi-factor analysis showed that level of education, occupational status, living, the economic level and family history of coronary heart disease risk awareness of the disease were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The group of patients with coronary heart disease self-efficacy score was （84.19±6.54）, score index was （0.70±0.03）, self-efficacy was not high. Different ages, education level, economic level and high salt and high-salt diet, adhere to exercise, urban and rural, multi-factor analysis showed that patients with or without a family history of score differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）, age, level of education, exercise, place of residence and economic level of self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart dis- ease were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The level of knowledge of the disease and self-efficacy of coronary heart disease hospitalized patients is low. Developed nursing management measures for the influencing factors will be beneficial to patients with coronary heart disease awareness and self-efficacy.