健康信念模式在护理人员血源性职业暴露防护中的应用研究

目的通过健康信念模式教育对血源性职业暴露的干预，减少护理人员职业暴露率以及感染血源性传播疾病的风险。方法以健康信念模式为理论指导，成立血源性职业暴露防护管理小组，采取感知教育、行为益处教育、提升自我效能、减少制约因素以及行为督导等系列干预措施。结果健康信念模式干预后，护理人员血源性职业暴露除防护认知的安全注射条目和防护行为中的暴露后处理条目外，其他防护认知及防护行为得分均提高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；职业暴露发生率降低（P〈0．01）。结论应用健康信念模式可以增强护理人员对血源性职业暴露防护的健康信念，促进健康行为的养成，从而降低血源性职业暴露率。

Application of health belief model on protection of blood-borne occupational exposure in nurses

Objective To reduce nurses＇ occupational exposure rate and risks of blood - transmitted diseases by intervention of health belief model health education to blood - borne occupational exposure. Methods Chosen health belief model as the theoretical guidance, a blood - borne occupational exposure pro- tection intervention group was set up to provide awareness education, behavior benefits education, enhance self - efficacy, reduce constraints factors and behavior supervision. Results In additon to the safty injection item and the postprocessing item of recognition and behavior of blood - borne occupational exposure in nur- ses,the scores of recognition and behavior of occupational exposure among nurses were improved （ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05 ） and the exposure rate was decreased （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Application of health belief model can enhance nurses＂ health belief of blood - borne occupational exposure, promote the formation of health behavior and reduce the rate of blood - borne occupational exposure.