Identifying non‐responsive bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors: a consensus definition

Summary. Assessing response to treatment with bypassing agents presents a substantial challenge in the treatment of patients with haemophilia and inhibitors. Rapid and accurate identification of bleeding episodes that are non‐responsive to bypassing therapy with either Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA; Baxter AG) or recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven^®, Novo Nordisk A/S) is essential to guide treatment decisions and optimize patient outcomes through early intervention. Although both bypassing agents are effective, differential responses to therapy necessitate multiple therapeutic options. This article provides a consensus definition for non–life‐threatening joint and muscle bleeds that are non‐responsive to bypassing agents. An international panel of seven physicians met in December 2008 to develop the consensus definition using a modified National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference method. The consequent definition of non–life‐threatening bleeding episodes that are non‐responsive to bypassing treatment provides a global picture of the condition of the patient during such an event. Identification of non‐responsiveness is based on various criteria: pain, swelling/tension, mobility, patient perception and laboratory parameters. Criteria can be assessed subjectively by the patient/parent and/or objectively by the clinician. Although the precise timing of each determination should be at the discretion of the physician, bleeds should be considered non‐responsive if the clinical situation meets the specified criteria 24 h from the start of treatment. Although it is not intended to replace clinical judgment, this definition can guide the optimal course of treatment for patients with haemophilia and inhibitors.