Work and life stressors and psychological distress in the Canadian working population: a structural equation modelling approach to analysis of the 1994 National Population Health Survey |
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Authors: | Cole Donald C Ibrahim Selahadin Shannon Harry S Scott Fran E Eyles John |
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Affiliation: | Institute for Work Health, 481 University Avenue, Ste 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2E9. dcole@iwh.on.ca |
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Abstract: | Work stressors are increasingly recognized as potentially important determinants of mental health status. We examined such relationships using a structural equation modelling approach with data on adult, working Canadians who participated in the first wave of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Work stressors formed a composite construct with paths from psychological demands, decision latitude, work social support and job insecurity, each measured through a reduced version of the Job Content Questionnaire. Life stressors also formed a composite construct composed of chronic stressors and recent life events. Psychological distress was the outcome, mediated by the latent effect constructs of mastery and self-esteem. Work stressors had consistently positive total effects on distress (sum of standardized path coefficients from 0.004 to 0.153 across gender-occupation strata), with all of these effects mediated through reduced self-esteem and mastery (work stressors to these mediators: -0.188 to -0.413). Life stressors had larger positive total effects on distress (0.462 to 0.536), with the majority of these effects direct. |
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