Concurrently induced plasticity due to convergence of distinct forms of spike timing‐dependent plasticity in the developing barrel cortex

Spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) has been demonstrated in a variety of neural circuits. Recent studies reveal that it plays a fundamental role in the formation and remodeling of neuronal circuits. We show here an interaction of two distinct forms of STDP in the mouse barrel cortex causing concurrent, plastic changes, potentially a novel mechanism underlying network remodeling. We previously demonstrated that during the second postnatal week, when layer four (L4) cells are forming synapses onto L2/3 cells, L4‐L2/3 synapses exhibit STDP with only long‐term potentiation (t‐LTP). We also showed that at the same developmental stage, thalamus‐L2/3 synapses express functional cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) and exhibit CB1R‐dependent STDP with only long‐term depression (t‐LTD). Thus, distinct forms of STDP with opposite directions (potentiation vs. depression) converge in the target layer of L2/3 during the second postnatal week. As the canonical target layer of the thalamus is L4 and thalamic cells activate both L4 and L2/3 cells, in principle, thalamic activity could induce t‐LTP at L4‐L2/3 and t‐LTD at thalamus‐L2/3 simultaneously. In this study, we tested this possibility. We found that when spike timing stimulation was applied to the thalamus and L2/3 cells, synapses between the thalamus and L2/3 were weakened, whereas synapses between L4 and L2/3 were potentiated; therefore, converging STDP caused the predicted concurrent plasticity. We propose that developmentally transient convergences of STDP may play a role in shaping neural networks by facilitating L4‐L2/3 formation and weakening aberrant thalamic innervation to L2/3, both driven by thalamic activity.