广州市某区2004—2007年企业人员尿铅检测结果分析

目的了解广州某区铅接触企业作业人员的尿铅水平,为今后的铅中毒防治监测提供参考。方法调阅2004—2007年该区职业健康检查时尿铅检测记录并进行统计分析,尿铅检测均采用无火焰原子吸收法测定。结果在271份尿样检测结果中,尿铅值≥0.07mg/L,占4.8%,尿铅值0.07mg/L,占95.2%;尿铅值≥0.07mg/L有13人,其中7人为蓄电池企业化成岗位人员,占11.9%;3人为蓄电池企业涂片岗位人员,占4.6%;3人分别为蓄电池企业干燥岗位、司机岗位和电镀厂电镀岗位各1人,共占4.6%,(χ2=8.90,P0.01),各岗位间尿铅超观察值的构成比有差异。结论大多数尿铅超标的是蓄电池企业人员,其中化成和涂片岗位超标占较大比率,提示今后广州市某区蓄电池企业的铅中毒防制应为重点,铅作业工人尿铅水平仍处较高水平,应加强对这部分人群的职业健康监测工作。

Analysis on Detection Results of Urine Lead of Enterprise Employees in a District of Guangzhou City during 2004-2007

Objective]To understand the level of urine lead among workers in lead exposure enterprises in a district of Guangzhou city,provide the reference for control and surveillance of lead poisoning.Methods]The detection records of urine lead in occupational physical examination in this district during 2004—2007 were reviewed and analyzed statistically,and the urine lead were tested by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.Results]Among 271 urine samples,4.8 % of urine lead level was ≥0.07 mg/L,and 95.2% was 0.07 mg/L.Among 13 workers whose urine lead levels was ≥ 0.07 mg/L,7 workers was in the formation post of the storage battery factory,accounted for 11.9%,3 workers was in the smear post of the storage battery factory,accounted for 4.6%,and the rest 3 workers was in the drying post and driving post of the storage battery factory,plating post of electroplating industry respectively,together accounted for 4.6% （ χ^2=8.90,P0.01）.There was difference in constituent ratio of urine lead which exceeded observation value among different posts.Conclusion]Most of workers whose urine lead exceed standard was employees in the storage battery factory,and the formation and smear posts took a large proportion.It is suggested that the control and surveillance of lead poisoning should put emphasis in the storage battery factory in further.Because the urine lead level of workers exposed to lead was high,the occupational health monitoring should be strengthened among this population.