高原大鼠实验性开放性颅脑创伤模型的建立

目的 建立模拟高原条件下大鼠实验性开放性颅脑创伤的动物模型.方法 用动物低压氧舱模拟高原环境,民用射钉枪射击建立大鼠实验性开放性颅脑创伤动物模型,分别于伤后各时相点观察动物行为学、病理学、听觉脑干诱发电位和脑含水量等结果,了解模型建立的稳定性和可重复性.结果 高原致伤组与平原致伤组均存在:①不同程度的颅脑创伤表现;②神经元细胞核、尼氏体和细胞器出现不同程度的损伤及缺血改变;③脑水肿;④伤后早期存在脑干抑制.两组比较,高原致伤组上述结果更严重,持续时间更长,本实验制备的开放性颅脑创伤动物模型,伤情稳定,可重复性好.结论 本实验制备的动物模型,成功地模拟高原条件下大鼠低速低能投射物所致的开放性颅脑创伤动物模型.

Establishment of animal model of open craniocerebral injury in rats exposed to high altitude

Objective To establish animal model of open craniocerebral injury in rats exposed to simulated high altitude. Methods Healthy Wistar rats were raised in hypobaric oxygen chamber simulating 4 000-meter high altitude for 3 d, then were made into open craniocerebral injury by gunshots. The animal ethology,the pathology, brain-stem auditory evoked potential and water content of brain were observed immediately or at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 h after gunshot.Matched rats raised at plain served as controls, and received the same treatment as the experimental rats. Results The rats in experimental group and control group all showed: (1) craniocerebral trauma at different degree; (2)ischemic changes and injuries at different degree in caryon of neuron, tigroid bodies and cell organs;(3) brain edema; (4)disorder of brain stem at early period after injury, but all features mentioned above were more severe in experimental rats than control rats. The rat model of open craniocerebral injury was of stability and good repeatability. Conclusion The model we established can simulate the open craniocerebral injury made by the missile projectile of brachytely and low energy in rats at high altitude.