快速成型技术在仿生医学训练模型研发及临床中的应用

背景：快速成型术是一项新兴技术,它在医学教育及临床治疗中承担重要作用,研究运用快速成型术来研制医学训练模型,改变模型材料结构,探求制造新技术是一顶重要的任务。目的：探讨快速成型制造形术的原理及方法,研究快速成型术在临床诊断、治疗及医学模拟教学中的运用前景。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed 数据库、美国科技信息所的科学引文索引数据库及中国期刊全文数据库、中国科技期刊全文数据库,检索包括快速成形制造术、医学模拟教学、人体仿生材料、临床治疗方面最有代表性文献报道。结果与结论：快速成型制造技术的出现和发展,为不能制作或难以用传统方法制作的人体器官模型提供了一种新的制造手段。采用 PRM 技术制作三维医学模型,不但可以使解剖特征具体化、医生之间以及医生与患者之间易于交流,使患者易于理解医生策划的手术,而且可用于模拟教学中,指导操作,进行手术过程操练。在临床诊断和外科手术策划中,可有效提高诊断和手术水平,缩短时间,节省费用。随着生物材料知识的发展,快速成型产品在医学领域的临床应用将不断增长,从仿生性医学训练模型研制到人体骨骼再生植入,再到器官置换,应用范围将会越来越广泛。

Application of rapid prototyping technology in research and development of bionic medical training models and clinical therapy

BACKGROUND: Rapid prototyping technology is a newly emerging technology, which has played an important role in medical education and clinical treatment. It is an important task to apply it to make medical model, alter material composition of models and to explore new manufacturing technologies.OBJECTIVE: To explore the principle and methods of rapid prototyping technology, and to discuss the application prospect of rapid prototyping technology in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and education. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed to search papers published in databases of PubMed, Science Citation Index, CNKI and VIP. Representative documents regarding rapid prototyping technology, simulated medical teaching, bionic materials, and clinical treatment were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rapid prototyping technology provides a newly preparing method for making human organs model that is hard to make using traditional methods. Three-dimensional medical models prepared by rapid prototyping technology not only makes the anatomical features embodiment, but also provides a better understanding of surgery between doctors and patients. It also can elevate diagnosis and operation levels, shorten surgery duration and save expenses in clinical diagnosis and surgery planning. The application of rapid prototyping technology in medical field would be widely applied from model preparation of bionic medical training to organ transplantation with development of biomaterials.