The effects of motor cortex rTMS on corticospinal descending activity |
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| Institution: | 1. Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany;2. Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;1. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Neuromed Institute, IRCCS Pozzilli (IS), Rome, Italy;3. Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany;5. The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;6. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;7. Institute of Neurology, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy;8. Fondazione Alberto Sordi – Research Institute for Ageing, Rome, Italy;9. Department of Neurology & Stroke, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;10. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK;1. Lifespan Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, Padua 35131, Italy;2. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square 33, London WC1N 3BG, UK;3. Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Viale Ratisbona 16, 39042 Bressanone-Brixen, Italy;4. Centro di Neuroscienze Cognitive Applicate, Via Caio Manilio 30, Rome 00174, Italy;5. Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6/B, Padua 35131, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the human motor cortex can produce long-lasting changes in the excitability of the motor cortex to single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). rTMS may increase or decrease motor cortical excitability depending critically on the characteristics of the stimulation protocol. However, it is still poorly defined which mechanisms and central motor circuits contribute to these rTMS induced long-lasting excitability changes. We have had the opportunity to perform a series of direct recordings of the corticospinal volley evoked by single pulse TMS from the epidural space of conscious patients with chronically implanted spinal electrodes before and after several protocols of rTMS that increase or decrease brain excitability. These recordings provided insight into the physiological basis of the effects of rTMS and the specific motor cortical circuits involved. |
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