Lateralization of forelimb motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats |
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| Institution: | 1. Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany;2. Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;1. Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;2. F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Department of Life Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;4. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;1. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Neuromed Institute, IRCCS Pozzilli (IS), Rome, Italy;3. Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany;5. The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;6. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;7. Institute of Neurology, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy;8. Fondazione Alberto Sordi – Research Institute for Ageing, Rome, Italy;9. Department of Neurology & Stroke, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;10. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo approximate methods for human transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in rats, we tested whether lateralized cortical stimulation resulting in selective activation of one forelimb contralateral to the site of stimulation could be achieved by TMS in the rat.MethodsMotor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from the brachioradialis muscle bilaterally in adult male anesthetized rats (n = 13). A figure-of-eight TMS coil was positioned lateral to midline. TMS intensity was increased stepwise from subthreshold intensities to maximal machine output in order to generate input–output curves and to determine the motor threshold (MT) for brachioradialis activation.ResultsIn 100% of the animals, selective activation of the contralateral brachioradialis, in the absence of ipsilateral brachioradialis activation was achieved, and the ipsilateral brachioradialis was activated only at TMS intensities exceeding contralateral forelimb MT. With increasing TMS intensity, the amplitudes of both the ipsilateral and contralateral signals increased in proportion to TMS strength. However, the input–output curves for the contralateral and ipsilateral brachioradialis were significantly different (p < 0.001) such that amplitude of the ipsilateral MEP was reliably lower than the contralateral signal.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that lateralized TMS leading to asymmetric brachioradialis activation is feasible with conventional TMS equipment in anesthetized rats.SignificanceThese data show that TMS can be used to assess the unilateral excitability of the forelimb descending motor pathway in the rat, and suggest that rat TMS protocols analogous to human TMS may be applied in future translational research. |
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