社区居民对于“中风120”认知的质性研究

背景　“中风120”是我国中风意识教育的主要工具，但目前尚缺乏基于社区居民视角的关于“中风120”认知的深入研究。目的　了解社区居民对于“中风120”的认知，为“中风120”的宣传、推广、普及等提供参考依据。方法　采用目的抽样法于2020年7―9月选取常住（>1年）在当地的社区居民31名作为访谈对象，均为笔者所在课题组成员的亲戚、朋友，其中来自广东省15名，湖北省7名，河南省6名，河北省、湖南省、辽宁省各1名。基于“中风120”拟定访谈提纲及访谈问题，采用半结构式深入访谈法进行访谈；采用内容分析法分析访谈资料，并采用Nvivo软件辅助编码。结果　31名社区居民对“中风120”中3种中风先兆口角歪斜、胳膊单侧无力、言语不清的识别率分别为64.5%（20/31）、22.6%（7/31）、61.3%（19/31），目击身边的人突然出现“中风120”中3种中风先兆时选择拨打“120”的比例分别为32.2%（10/31）、22.6%（7/31）、41.9%（13/31）。对中风先兆认知不足、易与其他疾病混淆是影响社区居民识别中风先兆的重要因素；中风先兆严重程度、对于拨打“120”的认知是影响社区居民拨打“120”的重要因素。结论　社区“中风120”宣教内容应有所侧重，注意阐释中风先兆与中风之间的关系、快速就医的重要性及拨打“120”的必要性。

Community Residents' Perspectives on Stroke-120：a Qualitative Study

Background　Stroke-120 is the major tool for stroke awareness education in China，but there is short of in-depth research about community residents' perspectives on Stroke-120. Objective　To understand community residents' perspectives on Stroke-120，so as to provide ideas for the publicity，promotion and popularization of Stroke-120. Methods　Purposive sampling was used to select 31 permanent community residents（locally lived over 1 year）who were relatives and friends of the author's research group from July to September 2020，including 15 cases came from Guangdong Province，7 from Hubei Province，6 from Henan Province，1 from Hebei Province，1 from Hunan Province and 1 from Liaoning Province. Semi-structured in-depth interviews guided by an outline and questions related to Stroke-120 was conducted，the interview results were coded by using Nvivo as an auxiliary tool，and analyzed by content analysis. Results　The recognition rate of three warning signs of stroke，namely crooked mouth，unilateral arm weakness and alalia was 64.5%（20/31），22.6%（7/31） and 61.3%（19/31），respectively. The proportion of participants who called 120 when found people around them with sudden appearance of at least one of the three above-mentioned warning signs of stroke was 32.2%（10/31），22.6%（7/31） and 41.9%（13/31），respectively. Insufficient knowledge of warning signs of stroke，and easily confusing stroke with other diseases were important factors affecting community residents' recognition of warning signs of stroke. The severity of warning signs of stroke and awareness of calling 120 were important factors affecting community residents' behavior of calling 120. Conclusion　The education of Stroke-120 in the community should focus on explaining the relationship between warning signs of stroke and stroke，the importance of quick medical treatment and the necessity of calling 120.