冠状窦及其属支的应用解剖

目的：研究冠状窦及其属支的形态、局部解剖以及其与冠状动脉的毗邻，为临床提供解剖学基础。方法：在52例成人尸体心脏标本中，经冠状窦及其属支逆行灌注墨汁明胶溶液，固定后存放10％福尔马林。结果：前、后室间静脉的吻合管径约1mm，此二静脉与左冠状静脉和冠状窦共同连成环绕左心室的静脉环占15．4％。静脉肌桥被覆前室间静脉或左冠状静脉属支占3．8％。心大静脉与左冠状动脉分叉支组成Brocq和Mouchet血管三角占80．8％和形成心大静脉角(角静脉)占19．2％。在血管三角区，心大静脉位于动脉支浅表占40．4％。一例残存左上腔静脉与双冠状窦。结论：了解冠状窦及其属支的形态和局部解剖，有助于临床心血管疾病的诊治。

An applied anatomic study of coronary sinus and its tributaries

Objective: To investigate the morphologic and topographic anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries, particularly their relationship with branches of the left coronary artery. Methods: Fifty-two heart specimens from cadavers of adults were performed retrograde injection of Chinese ink and gelatin mixture through the coronary sinus and its tributaries, and then fixed in 10% formalin. Results: An anastomosis of approximately 1.0 mm in calibre was observed between the anterior and posterior interventricular veins in 15.4% of specimens. Myocardial bridges were detected over the arterior interventricular vein or the tributary of the left coronary vein in 3.8% of specimens. The great cardiac vein formed the base of the arteriovenous trigone of Brocq and Mouchet with the bifurcating branches of the left coronary artery in 80.8% of specimens and formed an angle accompanying these arterial branches in 19.2%. In the trigone the great cardiac vein was superficial to the arteries in 40.4% of specimens. A case of persistent left superior vena cava with double coronary sinus was observed in this study. Conclusion: The morphologic and topographic anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries has great significance in clinical practice.