牙周夹板固定的基础与临床研究

牙周病为口腔多发病,是发生在牙周组织的一种慢性进行性疾病。临床表现为牙齿松动、移位;咀嚼功能降低,甚至牙齿自行脱落或拔除。牙周病治疗主要是综合治疗,通过牙周药物治疗、手术治疗来控制炎症;通过修复治疗调整咬合,消除牙创伤,减轻牙周支持组织的负担;固定松牙,分散力,控制病理性松动和移位,提高咀嚼效能,使患牙得到生理性休息,利于牙周炎症的控制和已破坏的牙周组织的愈合。因此,松动牙齿固定是牙周病修复治疗的必要措施。牙周夹板因其良好的固定作用,一向为口腔医师所重视,已经成为处理中晚期牙周病行之有效的治疗手段。本文对牙周夹板的生物力学原理、牙周夹板固定的分类以及该领域的研究进展予以综述。

Foundation and Clinical Research of Periodontal Splint Fixing

Periodontal disease is a frequently encountered disease in oral cavity, is a chmnicprogressive disease which occur in dental capsule. The clinical manifestation includes loose teeth,displacement,discreased chawly function,eventual tooth lose. The treatment to periodontal disease is mainly combined therapy, which control inflammation by periodontal medicine and operation;adjust interlocking,eliminate dental wound ,relieve the burden of peridental supporting tissue by recovery treatment;fix the loose teeth,disperse the bite force, control the patho-loose and displacement, elevate the masticatory efficiency, make the troubled teeth to rest,is benefit to the control to periodontal inflammation and the healing of destructed periodontium. Therefore,fixation of loose teeth is absolutely necessary in treatment of periodontitis. Periodontal splint,which has good fixation function, has become an effective tool in the treatment of middle and later period periodontitis. Here, the biomechanics theory classification and recent research of periodontal splint are reviewed in this article.