新疆昌吉地区238例支气管哮喘发作期患者中医证型分布

目的：探讨新疆昌吉地区支气管哮喘患者中医证候特点及证候要素的分布情况。方法：采用临床流行病学方法对238例支气管哮喘患者开展证候调查研究，按照现有哮喘证候诊断标准，遵循循证医学原则，应用Excel2003建立数据库，将符合纳入标准的哮喘患者的四诊信息进行二次录入核对，所有资料应用SPSS16．0软件进行统计分析。结果：哮喘发作期出现频次最高的证候是寒哮，其次是虚哮和热哮；随着年龄及病程的增加，哮喘的中医证型分布具有显著差异；哮喘患者合并过敏性疾病的状况因证型不同存在差异；哮喘发作的诱因以外因为主；哮喘发作期出现频次前三位的病性要素是痰、风和气虚；病位要素是肺、脾和肠。结论：在哮喘的急性发作期，寒热是辨证的关键。随着年龄及病程的增加，哮喘的中医证型表现出由实证向虚证及虚实夹杂证转化。气虚是哮喘的一种基本病理状态。外因是哮喘发作的主要诱因。哮喘发作期病位以肺、脾、肠为主，病性要素则以痰、风、气虚为主。

TCM Patterns Distribution of 238 Cases of Bronchial Asthma at Exacerbation Stage in Changji of XinJiang

Objective： To explore the distribution of syndrome elements and TCM syndrome characteristics of the patients suffering from bronchial asthma in Chang3i. Method： Syndromes of 238 patients with bronchial asthma were under investigation by clinical epidemic methods according to the diagnostic standard of asthma syndrome, the database was established with Excel2003 followed by the principle of evidence-based medicine. Four diagnostic in- formation of the patient was entered, checked and analyzed statistically by software SPSS 16.0. Result： The high fre- quency syndrome was cold asthma at acute stage, the next were deficiency asthma and heat one; as the age and the course of the disease increased, there was significant difference in the distribution of TCM patterns; the conditions of asthma patients complicated with allergic diseases were different because of different patterns; the cause of asthma attack was mainly external one; the top three pathogens with high frequency were phlegm, wind and Qi deficiency; the disease elements were lung, spleen and the intestine. Conclusion： Cold and heat are the key points of syndrome differentiation at acute stage. As the age and the course of the disease increased, TCM patterns of asthma demon- strate the transformation from excess pattern to deficiency pattern or intermingled deficiency and excess pattern. Qi deficiency is one kind of basic pathological state of asthma. External cause is the main one leading the attack of asth- ma. The disease is located at lung, spleen and the intestine, the nature elements are phlegm, wind and Qi deficiency.