New drugs for the treatment of experimental alcoholism |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA;2. Department of Psychiatric Medicine, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA;1. Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;2. Department of Human Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;3. Food and Beverage Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;1. Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China;2. School of Marine Science and Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Xinpu 222005, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China;4. Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China;1. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Química, San Cayetano Alto, s/n. AP, 1101608 Loja, Ecuador;2. Comunidad de Saraguro, Barrio Illincho, Saraguro, Ecuador;3. IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, U1194, Montpellier F-34298, France;4. Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France;5. Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34090, France;6. Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e dell’ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale S. Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy;7. Dipartimento di Chimica e Centro CEMEC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy;1. Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Cagliari, S.S. 554, km. 4,500, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;2. Indena S.p.A., I-20139 Milan, MI, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This article presents a current overview of the efforts to suppress pharmacologically the craving, dependence, or other factors associated with the self-selection of alcohol in an experimental animal. The contemporary status of the pharmacotherapy of experimental alcoholism similarly is described for different animal models of alcohol drinking. An evaluation is presented of several classes of drug for their efficacy in ameliorating the volitional ingestion of alcohol in the presence of an alternative fluid. Currently, two main experimental animal models of alcoholism are being used in this endeavor: (a) genetic lines or substrains of high alcohol preferring or high drinking rats; and (b) strains of nondrinking or low alcohol preferring rats which are induced chemically to prefer alcohol. Because of technical, methodological, and other issues surrounding the procedures used to assess the efficacy of a drug in reducing alcohol intake, several of the newer findings remain controversial. For example, serious side effects on the intake of food, caloric regulation, motor activity, or other functions would preclude the clinical utility of the drug. However, several drugs which affect monoaminergic neurons as well as opioid systems in the brain now seem to offer promise as agents which do possess clinical benefits. Two of these drugs, FG5606 (amperozide) and FG 5893 are essentially “antialcoholic” or anticraving and are without any significant side effects on cerebral mechanisms responsible for hunger, caloric intake, motor activity, or other physiological process. Amperozide, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with dopamine releasing properties, is particularly notable because of its irreversible nature in attenuating alcohol preference for months after its administration. It is concluded that future pharmacological research on presently available and newly developed compounds will provide exciting opportunities to the clinician who can utilize a particular drug as an adjunctive tool in the therapeutic treatment of the alcoholic individual. |
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