Effects of relaxing music on agitation during meals among nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA;3. Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA;4. Department of Psychology, Institute for Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT;5. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY;6. Department of Medicine, Louisville University, Louisville, KY;1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. Center for Intensive Internal Medicine (MICU), University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia;5. Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Therapy, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nursing Department of Zengcheng Branch, No. 28 Innovation Avenue, Zengcheng, Guangzhou 511300, China;2. Southern Medical University, School of Nursing, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China;3. Shenzhen People''s Hospital, No. 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen 518020, China |
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| Abstract: | Relaxing music was hypothesized to buffer the general nolse level typically found in dining rooms of nursing homes, exert a calming effect, and thus reduce agitated behaviors among residents with severe cognitive impairment. Twenty-nine nursing home residents with severe cognitive deficits participated in a 4-week protocol in which, following baseline observations (week 1), relaxing music was introduced (week 2), removed (week 3), and reintroduced (week 4). Subjects were observed in terms of total number of behaviors of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory present during a given week, and the number of behaviors present on the subscales of aggressive, physically nonaggressive, verbally agitated, and hiding/hoarding behaviors. Significant reductions were observed on the cumulative incidence of total agitated behaviors (63.4%); as well as the cumulative incidence of physically nonaggressive behaviors (56.3%) and verbally agitated behaviors (74.5%). No significant reductions were noted in terms of aggressive behaviors and hiding/hoarding behaviors. Where significant reductions were achieved, a distinct pattern was observed. Agitation decreased during week 2, increased again during week 3, only to decrease again in week 4. In addition, variance effects were noted as well, as ranges and standard deviations of agitated behaviors narrowed over time. These findings are interpreted within Hall and Buckwalter's (1988) model of a progressively lowered stress threshold among dementia patients. |
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