421例老年人胆总管结石的内镜治疗

目的 探讨内镜治疗老年人胆总管结石的疗效. 方法 回顾分析2003年7月～2006年6月421例老年人胆总管结石的内镜治疗临床资料(江苏省丹阳市人民医院112例,南京医科大学第二附属医院309例). 结果 421例ERCP全部成功,其中27例深插管困难者采用十二指肠乳头剥脱开窗术而成功.所有病人均显示有胆总管结石(胆囊结石46例),其中单发结石266例,2枚结石107例,3枚以上结石48例;取石网篮直接取石283例,碎石后取石122例,应急碎石10例,未取结石直接于胆总管放置塑料支架6例.一次取尽结石392例,放置鼻胆管引流后二次取石23例.20例术中乳头括约肌电切时渗血,经局部喷洒去甲肾上腺素、局部黏膜下注射1:10 000肾上腺素或局部电针电凝后出血停止;6例术后48 h十二指肠乳头切口出血,4例黏膜下注射1:10 000肾上腺素,2例钛夹止血.34例术后出现一过性淀粉酶升高而无腹痛,10例发生术后轻症胰腺炎,均给予禁食、抑制胰液分泌、抑制胰酶活性、抗炎补液等治疗.4例并发胆管炎,抗炎对症治疗.所有患者均痊愈出院.对其中342例随访6～12个月,4例(1.2%)结石再发而再次内镜治疗,3例(0.9%)发生胆管炎而抗炎治疗,6例放置塑料支架者,半年后有2例结石消失. 结论 老年胆总管结石患者内镜治疗安全有效,并发症发生率低.

Endoscopic Therapy for Common Bile Duct Stones in Elderly Patients: Report of 421 Cases

Objective To explore the efficacy of endoscopic therapy for common bile duct stones in the elderly. Methods From July 2003 to June 2006,421 elderly patients with common bile duct stones were treated in the Danyang People's Hospital(112 cases) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(309 cases).The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed Results ERCP was completed in all the 421 patients,of which 27 was converted to a pre-cut sphincterotomy because of difficulties in the deep cannulation of the bile duct.The diagnosis of common duct stones was confirmed during the operation in all the cases,and 46 of them were found complicated with cholecystolithiasis.Of the patients,266 patients had one stone,107 had two,and 48 had three or more.The calculi were removed using basket directly in 283 patients,balloon catheter in 122,lithotrity in 10,and plastic stent placement without calculus removal in 6.The stones were removed completed at the first operation in 392 cases,and the other 23 cases received a second operation after endoscopic nasobiliary drainage.Errhysis occurred in 20 patients during the pre-cut sphincterotomy,and was healed by locally sprinkling or injecting noradrenaline(1:10 000),or electric coagulation.Six patients had hemorrhage from the incision on the duodenal papilla 48 hours after the operation,and were cured by using submucous injection of noradrenaline(1:10 000,4 cases) or titanium clipper(2 cases).34 patients had a transient increase of serum amylase without abdominal pain;10 patients developed mild pancreatitis and then was cured by fasting,inhibiting pancreatic secretion and pancreatic enzyme activities,anti-inflammation therapy,and rehydration;4 patients developed cholangitis,and was cured by anti-inflammation therapy.All the patients were discharged without complications.342 of the patients were followed up for 6-12 months,4(1.2%) of them had recurrence of stones and was treated with endoscopy,3(0.9%) had cholangitis and received anti-inflammation therapy.In the 6 patients with plastic stent,the stones were dissolved in 2 of them in half a year.Conclusions Endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient for common bile duct stones in the elderly and is associated with a low rate of complications.