汗腺癌的研究及相关治疗进展

汗腺癌是一种罕见的具有侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，来源于皮肤真皮层及附属器的汗腺组织。多数发生于头颈部，四肢少见。临床特点是无症状的缓慢结节样生长。因其具有侵袭性，且局部淋巴结及远处转移为最常见的转移方式，因而依据组织病理学及免疫化学，汗腺癌需要与其他皮肤良性及恶性肿瘤鉴别。由于罕见及具有侵袭性，到目前为止，对于此病并无统一的治疗方案。局部广泛切除仍是首选的治疗手段，但由于其具有高度的局部复发性，50～70Gy 的放射治疗，或5-氟尿嘧啶和卡培他滨的联合化疗可以改善局部复发患者的预后。其他比如表皮生长因子阻滞剂，PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR 通路阻滞剂，雄激素抗体的激素治疗，电化学疗法等靶向治疗的研究正在进行临床实验。本文就汗腺癌的研究及相关治疗进展做一综述。

Research and related treatment progress of sweat gland carcinoma

Sweat gland carcinoma(SGC)is a rare,aggressive,intradermal,skin adnexal malignant tumour of the sweat glands. The head and neck are the most common sites of SGC,but rarely it can occur on the extremities. It is characterized clinically with non - symptomatic,slow - growing nodules. As it is an aggressive tumour,regional lymph nodes and distant viscera are the most common sites of metastasis. Diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology and immu-nohistochemistry. SGC should be differentiated from benign and malignant adnexal tumours. Being an aggressive and rare tumour,no uniform treatment guidelines have been documented so far for SGC. Wide local excision is the main-stay of the treatment,but because of high local recurrence,radiotherapy in a dose of 50Gy - 70Gy and/ or 5 - fluorou-racil and capecitabine - based combination chemotherapy may be given to further improve local control. Other treat-ment strategies are targeted therapies like trastuzumab,EGFR inhibitors,PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR pathway inhibitors,hormo-nal agents like antiandrogens,electrochemotherapy,or clinical trials. The objective of this article is to review current treatment options.