成都军区总医院在中国四川芦山地震和汶川地震应急医学救援的对比分析

目的回顾性分析成都军区总医院（GH）在汶川地震与芦山地震应急医学救援中的异同，探讨应急医学救援体系从“汶川”到“芦山”的转变，旨在为今后的灾难医学救援提供有益参考。方法对比分析GH在汶川地震和芦山地震收治伤员性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族构成、伤员流、来院时间分布、伤情分类、转归及医疗费用的差异，并进一步探讨两次地震救援中一线和二线医院收治方案、上级专家巡诊会诊模式、二级职能科室在医学救援中的职能转变、公共信息平台在地震救援中的应用等方面的变化。结果汶川地震和芦山地震伤员在性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族构成等方面无统计学差异，但在伤情分类、医疗费用等方面存在一定统计学意义。芦山地震“伤员流”峰值时间较汶川地震时显著提前，伤员转归较汶川地震好。国家级、院级专家会诊巡诊模式的转变在一定程度上提高了伤员的救治效率，另外，二级职能科室参与医学救援过程的模式使应急救援过程更加有序、合法。结论在汶川地震医学救援的经验教训的基础上，在芦山地震医学救援中，GH从地震伤员的分类救治、空中转运、各级专家检诊模式以及医院二级职能部门的管理等方面大胆改革创新，提出应急救援遵循“变应急为常态、变无序为有序”的基本原则，极大地提高了救治效率。

Comparative analysis on medical rescue performed in Sichuan Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes by General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region

Objeetive A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical rescue practice performed by the General Hospital in both Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes. An over review and comparison were made between the two missions so that provide valuable reference. Methods The analysis focused on the wounded＇ s gender, age, marital status, ethnic, flow of the injured, distribution of time of coming to the hospital, classification of traumatic condition, medical expenses, as well as the admittance standards, and etc. Results While reflecting no statistical difference on gender, age, marital status, and ethnic between the two missions, it demonstrated meaningful difference in triage and medical expense. The peak of the wounded flow in Lushan came much earlier than that of Wenchuan. Transport and hospital admission of the wounded in Lushan earthquake reflected more efficient than that of Wenchuan, as well as better cure as a result of rounds of visit by groups of the experts. Conclusion A more effective outcome was seen in medical rescue mission in Lushan earthquake due to more rational innovation in triage, transport, involvement of experts and secondary departments. The innovation carries out an idea - ＂turn out emergency responding to normality, and make disorder into orderly sequence＂.