AIDS合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的胸部CT表现

目的：探讨艾滋病合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的胸部CT特点。方法13例艾滋病合并非结核分枝杆菌感染患者行胸部CT检查。结果胸部CT显示：病灶主要位于两肺下叶及右肺中叶者8例，主要位于两肺上叶者5例，均为双侧发病；纵隔/肺门淋巴结明显肿大4例，伴钙化3例；结节状密度增高影8例，类圆形磨玻璃密度影7例，小叶中央结节及树芽征5例，合并支气管扩张4例，合并条索影13例，合并胸膜增厚5例，合并网格影（叶/段分布的蜂窝状影）4例，合并空洞2例。结论结节状密度增高影及类圆形磨玻璃密度影较具特征性，病变多位于两肺下叶及右肺中叶，多为双侧发病，常伴纵隔和肺门淋巴结肿大、条索影、支气管扩张、小叶中央结节及树芽征、胸膜增厚，是艾滋病合并非结核分枝杆菌肺病的胸部CT特点。

Explore chest radiographic appearances of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in patients with AIDS

Objective To explore the chest radiographic characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial （NTM） pulmonary infection in AIDS patients. Methods 13 AIDS patients with NTM underwent chest CT scan. Results The chest radiograph CT result reflected 8 cases that lesions mainly located in both lower lobe and right middle lobe and 5 cases of mainly in both upper lobe, which all were bilateral morbidity;4 cases of enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes;3 cases of being accompanied with calcification;8 cases of high-density nodules;7 cases of circular ground-glass opacities;5 cases of“tree-in-bud”sign and centrilobular nodules; 4 cases of bronchiectasis; 13 cases of linear opacity, 5 cases of pleural thickening, 4 cases of grid shadow （lobectomy/lung segment distribution）, 2 cases of cavitation. Conclusion High-density nodules and circular ground-glass opacities are the most common radiographic appearances of NTM in patients with AIDS, mainly located in both lower lobe and right middle lobe, and all are bilateral morbidity, often accompanied by enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, and linear opacity. Bronchiectasis“tree-in-bud”sign and centrilobular nodules, pleural thickness were considered as the chest CT features of NTM in AIDS patients.