Pressure ulcer incidence and Braden subscales: Retrospective cohort analysis in general wards of a Portuguese hospital |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal;2. Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, EPE, Portugal;3. Oporto Nursing School, University of Oporto, Portugal;1. Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain;2. UGC de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain;1. School of Nursing, Pai Chai University, South Korea;2. Department of Nursing, Korea National Open University, South Korea;3. Health Promotion Fund Management Team, Korea Health Promotion Foundation, South Korea;1. Hospital do Câncer/UOPECCAN, Cascavel, PR, Brazil;2. Hospital São Lucas/FAG, Cascavel, PR, Brazil;3. Hospital Bom Jesus, Toledo, PR, Brazil;4. Hospital Costa Cavalcanti, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil;5. Hospital Regional Universitário, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil;6. Hospital Policlínica, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil;7. Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;8. Hospital Araucária, Londrina, PR, Brazil;1. School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, QLD Australia;2. Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women''s Hospital, Metro North Health Service District, QLD Australia;3. Institute for Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, UK;4. Nursing and Research Practice Development Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Health Service District, QLD Australia;5. School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine (Brisbane), Australian Catholic University, QLD Australia;6. RBWH Safety and Quality Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, QLD Australia;7. School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia;8. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Service, Clinical Excellence Division, Queensland Health, Herston, QLD Australia;9. Centre for Clinical Nursing, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, QLD Australia;1. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;2. The Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama |
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| Abstract: | AimTo study the influence of Braden subscales scores (at the first pressure ulcer risk assessment) on pressure ulcer incidence using a univariate and a multivariate time to event analysis.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record database from adult patients admitted without pressure ulcer(s) to medical and surgical wards of a Portuguese hospital during 2012. The hazard ratio of developing a pressure ulcer during the length of inpatient stay was calculated by univariate Cox regression for each variable of interest and by multivariate Cox regression for the Braden subscales that were statistically significant.ResultsThis study included a sample of 6552 participants. During the length of stay, 153 participants developed (at least) one pressure ulcer, giving a pressure ulcer incidence of 2.3%. The univariate time to event analysis showed that all Braden subscales, except “nutrition”, were associated with the development of pressure ulcer. By multivariate analysis the scores for “mobility” and “activity” were independently predictive of the development of pressure ulcer(s) for all participants.Conclusion(Im)“mobility” (the lack of ability to change and control body position) and (in)“activity” (the limited degree of physical activity) were the major risk factors assessed by Braden Scale for pressure ulcer development during the length of inpatient stay. Thus, the greatest efforts in managing pressure ulcer risk should be on “mobility” and “activity”, independently of the total Braden Scale score. |
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| Keywords: | Braden scale Incidence Nursing assessment Portugal Pressure ulcer Risk assessment |
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