Cluster anxiety-related adverse events following immunization (AEFI): An assessment of reports detected in social media and those identified using an online search engine |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Immunization Safety Office, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States;2. World Health Organization, Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;4. Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;5. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon;2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;3. Clinical Research Unit, Division of Health Operations Research, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon;4. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland;5. Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon;6. Department of Pharmacology Drugs and Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon;7. Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine–Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;2. Department of Evidence, Education & Emergency Services, Danish Health Authority, Islands Brygge 67, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;3. European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Gustav III:s Boulevard 40, 169 73 Solna, Sweden;4. Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;1. The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences & Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia;2. The University of Sydney, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Sydney, Australia;3. University of Sydney, Dept of Paediatrics & Adolescent Health, Children''s Hospital at Westmead, Australia;1. Regional pharmacovigilance center of Marseille Provence Corse, department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacovigilance, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France;2. Aix-Marseille university, Neurosciences institut Timone, CNRS 7289, 13385 Marseille, France;1. Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill;2. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy and Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAdverse events following immunization (AEFI) arising from anxiety have rarely been reported as a cluster(s) in the setting of a mass vaccination program. Reports of clusters of anxiety-related AEFIs are understudied. Social media and the web may be a resource for public health investigators.MethodsWe searched Google and Facebook separately from Atlanta and Geneva to identify reports of cluster anxiety-related AEFIs. We reviewed a sample of reports summarizing year, country/setting, vaccine involved, patient symptoms, clinical management, and impact to vaccination programs.ResultsWe found 39 reports referring to 18 unique cluster events. Some reports were only found based on the geographic location from where the search was performed. The most common vaccine implicated in reports was human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (48.7%). The majority of reports (97.4%) involved children and vaccination programs in school settings or as part of national vaccination campaigns. Five vaccination programs were reportedly halted because of these cluster events. In this study, we identified 18 cluster events that were not published in traditional scientific peer-reviewed literature.ConclusionsSocial media and online search engines are useful resources for identifying reports of cluster anxiety-related AEFIs and the geographic location of the researcher is an important factor to consider when conducting these studies. Solely relying upon traditional peer-reviewed journals may seriously underestimate the occurrence of such cluster events. |
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| Keywords: | Anxiety-related reaction Adverse event Immunization Vaccine safety |
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