Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in outpatient settings: A test-negative case-control study in Beijing,China, 2016/17 season |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China;3. Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China;4. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China;2. Nanfang Hospital, Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China;3. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States;1. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;2. WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;3. Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;4. Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, China;5. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;6. Centre of Influenza Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;1. Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Pediatrics, Keiyu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;3. Institute of Clinical Research Department of Infection & Allergy, National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan;4. Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;5. Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Saitama National Hospital, Wako, Saitama, Japan;6. Department of Pediatrics, Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Gunma, Japan;7. Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan;8. Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan;9. Division of Pediatrics, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;10. Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochgi, Japan;11. Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Kokan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan;12. Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan;13. Department of Pediatrics, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan;14. Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan;15. Department of Pediatrics, Eiju General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan;2. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;3. Kamigoto Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan;1. School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;1. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6152, Australia;2. Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health Western Australia, 189 Royal Street, Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia;3. Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia;4. School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Ave, Crawley, Western Australia 6008, Australia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe objective of this study was to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2016/17 epidemic of co-circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses in Beijing, the capital of China.MethodsThe surveillance-based study included all swabbed patients through influenza virological surveillance, between November 2016 and April 2017. A test-negative case-control design was used to estimate influenza VE against medically-attended laboratory-confirmed influenza in outpatient settings. Cases were influenza-like illness (ILI) patients who tested positive for influenza, and controls were influenza negative patients.ResultsA total of 10,496 ILI patients were enrolled and swabbed. Among them, 735 tested positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 1851 for A(H3N2), and 40 for type B. Of the 45 randomly selected specimens out of 1851 influenza A(H3N2) viruses, 2(4.4%) belonged to the H3N2 3C.2a1 clade, and 43(95.6%) belonged to A/Hong Kong/4801/2014-like 3C.2a clade. Among the 43 viruses of the 3C.2a clade, 32 viruses clustered in one subgroup carrying T131K, R142K and R261Q substitutions. The adjusted VE against all influenza was low at 25% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0–43%), with 54% (95%CI: 22–73%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and 2% (95%CI: ?35% to 29%) for influenza A(H3N2).ConclusionsOur study suggested a moderate VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, but low VE against influenza A(H3N2) in Beijing, 2016/17 season. Amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin may contribute to the low VE against influenza A(H3N2) for this season. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza Vaccine effectiveness Influenza-like illness China |
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