Decline of rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in children under 5 years: A report from Japan where rotavirus vaccines are self-financed |
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Institution: | 1. Medical Affairs, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan;2. Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan;3. Risk Assessment & Pharmacoepidemiology, MSD K.K., Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Pediatrics, Otaru Kyokai Hospital, Otaru City, Japan |
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Abstract: | ObjectivesTo estimate the trend in incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalization among children aged <5 years in Japan during pre- and post-vaccine periods (2009–2011 and 2012–2015).Study designThis retrospective observational study used a health insurance claims database (constructed by Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd.). Rotavirus vaccine became commercially available in 2011. We analyzed data of all children aged <5 years between January 2009 and December 2015. We estimated the incidence rate (IR) of RVGE hospitalization per 1000 person-years from 2009 to 2015 and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of post-vaccine years compared with the averaged pre-vaccine years. IRs and IRRs were also estimated by age group. Primary analysis was limited to the rotavirus season (January to June) of each year.ResultsThe IR was 6.3–9.3 in pre-vaccine years, 2.3 in 2014, and 3.0 in 2015; the decline was estimated to be 71% in 2014 and 61% in 2015 (p < 0.01). By age group, reduction in hospitalizations began in 2013 among children <1 year old, followed by children aged 1 to <5 years in 2014. In the 2014 season, a 65% reduction in RVGE hospitalization was observed in children aged 36 to <60 months, although this age group was unlikely to be vaccinated.ConclusionsA substantial decline of RVGE hospitalization in 2014 and its persistence was observed among children aged <5 years in Japan after introduction of rotavirus vaccine, although not included in the national immunization program. Indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination were suggested in the 2014 season. |
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Keywords: | Rotavirus Rotavirus gastroenteritis Vaccine Hospitalization Children Reduction AGE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"acute gastroenteritis CI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"confidence interval IASR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Infectious Agent Surveillance Report IR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"incidence rate IRR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"incidence rate ratio mo"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0090"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"month Ref"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0100"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"reference category RV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0110"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rotavirus RVGE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"k0120"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rotavirus gastroenteritis |
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