Population-level factors predicting variation in influenza vaccine uptake among adults and young children in England, 2015/16 and 2016/17 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Respiratory Diseases Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK;2. Statistics and Modelling Economics Department, Public Health England, London, UK;1. National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;2. School of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 100, FI-33014 University of Tampere, Finland;3. Skåne University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden;4. Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-17182 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, F56, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK;2. North London Health Protection Team, Public Health England, UK;3. NHS England London Region Public Health Department, UK;4. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark;5. NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Immunisation, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;6. Field Epidemiology Service, National Infections Service, Public Health England, London, UK;1. Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia;2. Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia;3. The Australian Sentinel Practices Research Network (ASPREN), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia;4. Australian Partnership for Preparedness Research on Infectious Disease Emergencies (APPRISE) Centre of Research Excellence, NHMRC, Australia;1. Leuven University Vaccinology Center, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium;2. Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium;3. Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium;4. IDEWE Occupational Health Services, Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium;1. Department of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Royal Women''s Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia;2. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia;4. VCS Registries, Victorian Cytology Service Ltd., Level 6, 176 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne 3002, Australia;5. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia;6. University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Australia;7. Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic. 3050, Australia |
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| Abstract: | England’s influenza vaccination programme targets persons with clinical risk factors, pregnant women, those aged 65 years and older and children. Low vaccine uptake amongst primary school children was previously found to be significantly associated with increasing deprivation, Black or Minority Ethnic (BME) and certain religions. It is unknown whether these population predictors are associated with vaccine uptake in other groups. GP level data for target groups during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons were linearly regressed against various factors to determine potential predictors associated with variation in uptake.Adjusted uptake for 2–4 year olds during both seasons was more than 11% lower in the most deprived decile and more than 3% lower in 34%+ BME populations compared to the least deprived and non-BME populations. Pregnant women in deprived areas had significantly lower vaccine uptake than in non-deprived areas. Patients 16–64 years old at risk showed no significant variation in uptake by deprivation, whereas patients 65 years and older had more than 3% higher vaccine uptake in the least deprived populations than the most deprived populations. Areas with the highest Muslim and BME populations had a significantly higher vaccine uptake among patients ages 16 to under 65 years old in a clinical risk group than non-Muslim and non-BME populations during both seasons. Population-factors have different effects on vaccine uptake for the various target groups. These findings support segmenting public health activities to improve vaccine uptake and reduce inequalities. |
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