Monitoring the uptake of live avian vaccines by their detection in feathers |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel;2. Phibro Animal Health, Ltd., Bet Shemesh, Israel;3. Efrat Broiler Breeder Ltd., Granot, Gan Shmuel, Israel;4. Yavne Hatcheries & Breeders Ltd., Kibutz Yavne, Israel;5. Biovac, Biological Laboratories Ltd., Israel;1. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA;2. Animal Breeding and Genomics Center, Wageningen University, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. U.S. 412 Scenic, Cobb-Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, AR 72761-1030, USA;4. Département de Sciences Animales, Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France;5. Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 4279 E. MT Hope RD, East Lansing, MI 48823-5338, USA;6. Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1151, USA;1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;2. Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA;1. Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile;2. Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland;3. Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrz?biec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;1. Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India;2. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India;3. Hester Biosciences Limited, Mehsana, Gujarat, India |
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| Abstract: | Protection against diseases caused by the avian viruses, Marek's disease, Infectious laryngotracheitis, chicken anemia and turkey meningoencephalitis is achieved by live vaccines. The application quality is important to assure proper uptake in commercial flocks. We describe a novel evaluation method for the vaccination process by sequential monitoring the vaccine viruses in feathers. Feather collection is easy, non-invasive and non-lethal for the birds, therefore advantageous for monitoring purposes. To demonstrate the vaccine virus presence, an innovative assay of nested real-time amplification was approached because vaccine viruses presence in vivo is less abundant comparing to virulent wild-type isolates.The Marek's disease virus vaccine virus, Rispens/CVI988, in feathers of commercial flock was detected from 4 to 7 days and for at least 3 months post-vaccination, until the survey stopped. As the drinking water route was newly adopted for Infectious laryngotracheitis vaccination, one or two vaccine doses/bird were administered. The virus uptake was detected in feathers between 2 and 20 days-post-vaccination. With a doubled vaccine dose the positivity bird rate was higher. For the first time the chicken anemia vaccine virus presence in chicken feathers was demonstrated between 14 and 35 days-post-vaccination. No previous studies were available, thus in parallel to feathers the vaccine virus was demonstrated in the livers and spleens. The turkey meningoencephalitis vaccine virus uptake in turkey feather-pulps is even more innovative because this is the first turkey virus amplified from feather-pulps. The vaccine virus presence resemble the kinetics of the other 3 viruses, 3–21 days-post-vaccination. Detecting the specific antibodies following vaccination possessed a lower sensitivity than vaccine virus demonstration in feathers. In summary, the presented assay can be adopted for the quality evaluation of the vaccination process in poultry. |
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| Keywords: | Feathers Vaccine virus uptake Marek's disease virus Chicken anemia virus Infectious laryngotracheitis virus Turkey meningoencephalitis virus |
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