外泌体用于疾病诊疗和药物递送的研究进展

外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种，作为特殊的细胞间通讯介质，携带蛋白质、核酸及脂质等，在生物体内各种生理、病理过程中发挥着重要作用。作为内源性纳米囊泡，外泌体具有体循环稳定性、良好的生物相容性、对组织和细胞的特异性靶向等优点，是理想的药物递送载体。外泌体为多种疾病的诊断和预后评估提供支持，同时作为一种非常有潜力的、安全、特异性强的内源性纳米药物载体具有广阔的应用前景。本文阐述外泌体的产生机制，对其提取分离方法特点进行总结，并围绕外泌体在免疫和炎症相关疾病、心血管系统疾病、神经系统疾病、肿瘤等疾病的应用机制进行讨论，以及作为药物载体的工程化修饰和主动靶向药物递送进行综述。

Progress on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and drug delivery system

As a type of extracellular vesicles, exosomes are released by living cells and contain diverse bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites. They play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes by a special intercellular communication medium. As endogenous vesicles, exosomes also have the advantages of systemic circulation stability, good biocompatibility and specific targeting of tissues and cells, as well as they are promising candidates for drug delivery system. The production mechanism of exosomes describe was summarized, the methods of extraction and separation the application and mechanism of exosomes in immune and inflammation-related diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, tumors, etc. were reviewed. The engineering modifications of exosomes in high targeting properties based on the drug delivery were overviewed. Exosomes support the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of multiple diseases, which have broad application prospects as a very potential safe and specific endogenous nano-drug carrier.