Long-term immunity to hepatitis B following vaccination in infancy: Real-world data analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, 55 Chaim Levanon St., Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;2. Maccabi Health Care Services, Maccabi Institute of Health Services Research, 27 Ha''Mered St., Tel Aviv 68125, Israel;3. Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 14 Kaplan St., Petach Tikva 49202, Israel;4. Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Infectious Disease Unit, 14 Kaplan St., Petach Tikva 49202, Israel;1. Research Center for Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;2. Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.;2. Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany;4. Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Group, Seewiesen, Germany;5. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;1. Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand;2. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;3. Thai Red Cross Society AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, PR China;2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650022, PR China;1. Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt;2. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt;3. Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has decreased the prevalence of chronic HBV infections and their sequelae. However, whether vaccination at birth provides lifelong protection is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess long-term immunity following neonatal HBV immunization in a large population-based cohort.MethodsUsing the database of a 2 million member sick fund in Israel, we identified all subjects born after introduction of universal HBV vaccination in Israel (January 1992 through December 2014), that were tested for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs Ab's). Years since vaccination were categorized into 5-year groups and linear trends in the seroprevalence of HBV immunity were calculated. Anamnestic response and presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) were assessed.ResultsIncluded were 20,634 tested individuals. Mean (±SD) age at testing was 14.8 (±5.4) years. Mean anti-HBs Ab levels declined with time to 16.39 mIU/ml in the 15–20 year group (P < 0.001). The proportion of negative results increased gradually (P < 0.001) to 66.7% after 15 years. Anamnestic response assessment showed that 604 of 644 seronegative subjects (93.8%, 95% CI: 91.6–95.5%) became seropositive after a booster dose. HBs Ag was identified in 91 of the 20,634 (4.4 per 1000 study participants).ConclusionsFollowing vaccination, anti-HB's Ab's progressively decline, with only a third of the population retaining protective levels after 15 years. In adolescence, anamnestic response shows that nearly all revaccinated adolescents exhibit immunity. A low rate of Hepatitis B infection was demonstrated despite vaccination of nearly all newborns. |
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| Keywords: | Hepatitis B virus Vaccination Long-term immunity Anamnestic response |
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