影响奥狄括约肌运动功能药物的胆道镜测压研究

目的经胆道镜奥狄括约肌测压,观察麻醉镇痛药物、生长抑素类似物、硝酸酯类药物对奥狄括约肌运动功能的影响,并观察M-胆碱能受体阻断剂及硝酸酯类药物对吗啡的拮抗作用。方法将因患胆结石行胆道手术后留有T型管患者157例,随机分为麻醉镇痛药物组、生长抑素组、硝酸酯类药物组、硝酸酯类药物与吗啡联合用药组及M-胆硷能受体阻断剂与吗啡联合用药组,测量用药前后的十二指肠压、奥狄括约肌基础压、收缩波幅、收缩频率、收缩间期及胆总管压。结果肌注吗啡及强痛定后奥狄括约肌基础压力(SOBP)和收缩幅度(SOCA)升高,收缩频率增快,吗啡组胆总管压力(CBDP)升高;肌注度冷丁后各指标无明显变化;肌注曲吗多后SOBP和收缩幅度明显降低。按250μg／,h的速度输入施他宁后收缩幅度升高,速度调为500μg/h后,SOBP及收缩幅度较剂量加倍前明显降低。静脉注射善宁后,仅CBDP明显升高。舌下含服消心痛或硝酸甘油后,SOBP和收缩幅度显著降低。使用戊四硝酯20min后,SOBP降低。使用吗啡10min后舌下含服硝酸甘油或消心痛,上述指标下降至正常。使用戊四硝酯后,SOBP显著降低,收缩频率略有减慢。使用吗啡10min后肌注山莨菪碱及阿托品,SOBP和收缩幅度降低,使用解痉灵后SOBP和收缩幅度降低,收缩频率减慢。结论吗啡及强痛定对奥狄括约肌起激动作用;曲吗多对奥狄括约肌具抑制作用;度冷丁及善宁对奥狄括约肌无明显作用;施他宁小剂量时兴奋奥狄括约肌;硝酸酯类药物对奥狄括约肌具抑制作用;硝酸酯类药物及M-胆硷能受体阻断剂可拮抗吗啡的激动作用。

Effects of different drugs on the sphincter of Oddi motility: study with choledochoscope manometry

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of narcotic analgesics, nitroester drugs, somatostatin analogues on human sphincter of Oddi motility and the antagonistic effects of nitroester drugs and anticholinergic agents against morphine measured by choledochoscope manometry. METHODS: 157 patients who had a T tube after cholecystectomy and choledochotomy were assessed by choledochoscope manometry. They were randomly divided into 5 groups. Sphincter of Oddi basal pressure (SOBP), amplitude (SOCA), frequency of contractions (SOF), duration of contractions (SOD), duodenal pressure (DP), common bile duct pressure (CBDP) were scored and analyzed. RESULTS: SOBP, SOCA and SOF increased after injection of morphine and Ap-237, CBDP increased after intramuscular administered morphine. No apparent change occurred after intramuscularly administered pethidine. SOBP and SOCA decreased after tramadol. After intravenous administration of stilamin in a dose of 250 microg/h, SOCA increased. After administration stilamin of 500 microg/h dose, SOCA and SOBP declined. After intravenous administration of sandostatin, CBDP increased obviously. BPOS and SOCA decreased significantly after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), SOBP reduced evidently after application of pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PTN). SOBP, SOCA, SOF and CBDP increased evidently after injection of morphine. After associated application of ISDN and GTN, the four indications above decreased. As to associated application with PTN, SOCA and SOF decreased. After associated application of anisodamine or atropine, SOCA, SOBP declined, after injected buscopan, SOCA, SOBP, SOF all declined. CONCLUSION: The regular dose of morphine and Ap-237 shows excitatory effect on the sphincter of Oddi motility. Tramadol shows inhibitory effect on the sphincter of Oddi. The regular dose of pethidine and sandostatin shows no apparent effect on the sphincter of Oddi. Stilamin in low dose shows excitated effect on the sphincter of Oddi. Nitroester drugs show inhibited effects on SO motility. Nitroester drugs and anticholinergic agents can antagonize the excitated effect of morphine.