人发角蛋白-胶原海绵-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯复合生物敷料对大鼠烧伤创面修复作用的实验研究

目的 以人发角蛋白-胶原海绵为敷料内层,复合包裹药物虎杖的聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯载体,制备一种双层复合生物材料,研究其对烧伤创面的促愈合作用,探讨将其作为烧伤敷料的可行性.方法 (1)将在体内具有慢(Z)、中(B)、快(F)三种吸收速度的人发角蛋白组分材料编织成网孔为1 mm×1 mm的网格,与从牛跟腱中抽提Ⅰ型胶原溶液混合后放入模具,经真空冷冻干燥后制成海绵状膜(作复合内层敷料),扫描电镜观察其结构.(2)用聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,再与药物虎杖一同成膜,制备药物缓释载体膜(作复合外层敷料),紫外光谱仪测定其释药度.(3)用SD大鼠制备深Ⅱ°烧伤动物模型,并于烧伤后2～5 d内清除坏死组织,保留部分变性真皮组织.清创后将用与创面相同大小的人发角蛋白-胶原海绵-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯复合敷料覆盖创面,已用于临床的戊二醛猪皮作为阳性对照组.术后以创面完全上皮化为标准,记录创面愈合时间并分别计算第7、14、21天愈合率.(4)分别于覆敷料后1、2、4、6、8周切取整个创面及其周围组织(每组每个时间点取6个标本),行光学显微镜观察和免疫组织化学染色观察,作3组的愈合时间及第7、14、21天的愈合率比较.结果 胶原海绵膜为孔径为50～300 μm的三维立体状结构.经测定在0～48 h内药物虎杖从聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯膜内不断释出.深Ⅱ°烧伤治疗实验结果:实验组创面覆盖后渗出明显减少且保持一定湿度,而对照组创面较干燥;实验组及阳性对照组的创面愈合时间较阴性对照组提前;创面在第7、14、21天的愈合率均较阴性对照组高,且实验组在第14天的愈合率较阳性对照组高.结论 人发角蛋白-胶原海绵-聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯/虎杖复合生物敷料可促进深Ⅱ°烧伤实验大鼠创面的愈合,起到在体内构建组织工程化皮肤的目的 .通过控制合成工艺,聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯膜作为药物缓释载体是可行的.

Biological dressing with human hair keratin-collagen sponge-poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate composite promotes burn wound healing in SD rats

OBJECTIVE: To develop a composite material containing human hair keratin (HHK), collagen sponge (inner layer) and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) film that allows sustained release of polydatin and test its effect as a biological dressing in promoting burn wound healing in SD rats. METHODS: Three HHK materials with fast, moderate, and low degradation rates were mixed at the ratio of 4:3:3 to prepare a reticular structure, which was processed into a composite material with bovine tendon-derived collagen sponge, and further complexed with HEMA film containing PD prepared by polymerization. Degree II burn wound was induced in SD rats by scalding and within postburn day 2-5, the wounds were cleansed and covered with the composite material or with glutaraldehyde-treated porcine skin (positive control). At week 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 following wound dressing, 6 full-thickness skin samples were harvested from the wounds for histological observation and immunohistochemical detection of collagen and elastic fibers, and the wound healing time and healing rate were recorded. RESULTS: The prepared collagen sponge film was transparent and porous (50-300 microm in diameter) and allowed sustained PD release into normal saline within 48 h. Compared with the porcine skin, the composite material reduced exudation and maintained ideal moisture of the wound, and significantly shortened the wound healing time (P=0.000). On day 7, 14, and 21 following dressing, the composite material and porcine skin significantly increased the wound healing rate as compared with the negative control group (P=0.000), and on day 14, the composite achieved significantly greater healing rate than the porcine skin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HHK-collagen sponge-PHEMA/PD composite as a dressing material promotes burn wound healing in rats by allowing in vivo construction of tissue engineered epidermis. PHEMA is feasible for sustained drug delivery in this composite.