两种痴呆动物模型的实验

目的探索两种痴呆动物模型,拟研究人类阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VD）的发病机制及防治措施。方法应用D-半乳糖（腹腔注射）致衰老加海马内注射Aβ_（1-40）复合造模方法制成AD大鼠模型;应用改良的大脑中动脉线栓塞法,制成VD大鼠模型。实验动物随机分成3组：痴呆模型组、假造模对照组和正常对照组。采用Morris和Y-型水迷宫行为学试验,分别检测各组大鼠的空间学习、记忆功能。结果两种模型大鼠均发生了学习、记忆功能障碍,即AD大鼠安全逃避潜伏期明显延长,逃生错误频率高;VD大鼠定位航行试验的逃避潜伏期明显延长,空间探索试验的逃避潜伏期延长更明显,而逃避频率减少次数,与两对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论制备的两种痴呆动物模型具有较好仿真人类AD和VD的特点;两种水迷宫试验能较真实地反映动物学习记忆功能。

Experiment of two kinds of dementia animal models

Objective To investigate the mechanisms and preventive measures of Alzheimer disease（AD） and vascular dementia（VD） by experimental study of two kinds of dementia animal models. Methods Rat AD model on learning and memory impairment was established by injecting D-galactose into abdominal cavity combined with injecting Aβ1-40bilaterally into the dorsal lateral of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Rat VD models on learning and memory impairment was established by modified middle cerebral artery occlusion method. The experimental animals were divided randomly into 3 groups： dementia model group, false model group and normal control group. Learning and memory function of various groups of rats were partly assessed by two kinds of water-maze tests. Results Learning and memory impairment happened in two kinds of model rats, escape latency of AD rats was obviously prolonged, and the frequency of escape failure was increased, escape latency of VD rats in place navigation and spatial probe was obviously extended, but frequency of escape failure was decrease significantly as compared with two control groups（P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Two kinds of dementia animal models have preferably human AD- and VD-like characteristics and two kinds of water-maze tests can assess accurately learning and memory functions of rats.