The Fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity |
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Authors: | Hai Jiang Xue-jiao Wang Liu Yang Jia-Xu Zhang A-Jiao Hou Wen-Jing Man Song Wang Bing-You Yang Kelvin Chan Qiu-Hong Wang Hai-Xue Kuang |
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Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, PR China;College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney,NSW, Australia;Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, PR China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, PR China |
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Abstract: | In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemicalsynthesisto biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advancesin both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacologicalstudies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed. |
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Keywords: | Pharmacological activities phytochemistry toxicity Xanthii Fructus |
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