高度近视与原发性开角型青光眼的相关机制研究

高度近视（HM）作为一种屈光性眼病较其他屈光不正类型特殊，除了可导致视功能 下降，还可伴发其他进展性、退行性的眼底病变。研究表明，原发性开角型青光眼（POAG） 的病程可随近视程度的增加而加重，高度近视与 POAG 的病情进展息息相关，有学者认为 高度近视可理解为一种潜行性慢性青光眼。随着眼轴的病理性增长，增加了原发性开角型青 光眼的患病风险。高度近视患者致原发性开角型青光眼的患病率明显高于非高度近视者，且 患有原发性开角型青光眼的患者近视率显著高于正常人群，且高度近视的概率更高。眼轴增 长与眼压升高是导致原发性开角型青光眼发病的主要原因，高度近视眼轴增长体现在巩膜结 构拉伸的改变，其与原发性开角型青光眼病程中的巩膜结构变化基本相似，有研究表明在同 等的眼压条件下，HM 患者所承受的眼压可能高于实际值。眼压的升高加重了眼轴延长的趋 势，且高度近视中原发性开角型青光眼发病较未患高度近视人群早，高度近视与原发性开角 型青光眼的相互作用，导致视功能的下降恶性加重。怎样从 HM 患者群体中早期发现原发 性开角型青光眼，并及时干预治疗，进而抑制或逆转患者病情，是当今医学领域中的一大难 题。本文通过回顾近年相关文献，对 HM 与 POAG 两者的相关性展开综述研究。

The research on related mechanism between high myopia and open Angle glaucoma

As a special type of refractive eye disease, high myopia (HM) not only has severe refractive abnormalities, but also may be accompanied by progressive and degenerative changes of the fundus. In recently years, in the studies on the pathogenesis of glaucoma and myopia, some scholars have found a certain correlation between HM and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), some scholars think that high myopia can be understood as a kind of latent sex chronic glaucoma. The increased pathogenicity of the eye axis increases the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in highly myopic patients is significantly higher than that in non-highly myopic patients, and the myopia rate in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma is significantly higher than that in normal population, and the probability of high myopia is higher. Axial growth and elevated intraocular pressure is the main reason of leading to the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma and high myopia axis growth reflected in the change of the sclera structure drawing, with the primary open-angle glaucoma in the course of similar structural change in the sclera, studies have shown that under the condition of equal pressure, HM patients of intraocular pressure may be higher than the actual value. The increase of intraocular pressure aggravates the tendency of axial elongation, and the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma in high myopia is earlier than that in people without high myopia. The interaction between high myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma leads to the decline of visual function and malignant aggravation. How to detect glaucoma early in HM patients, timely intervention and treatment, and then inhibit or reverse the patient''s condition, is a major problem in the field of medicine. In this paper, the correlation between HM and POAG was reviewed by reviewing relevant literatures in recent years.