职业性非致死性伤害的神经心理和行为特征研究

目的：探讨职业性非致死性伤害的神经心理和行为特征，为职业伤害的预防提供依据。方法：应用病例－对照研究方法，选择47例近2年来发生工伤的冶金工厂作业工人，同时选取车间、工种、性别相同、文化程度相当且年龄上下不超3岁的职工与之配对。47对工人分别测定行为[时间紧迫感（TH）、好胜和戒备（CH）]、智商、生活事件和神经心理指标（反应时、时间知觉、动作稳定性、注意力集中能力、动作判定能力）。结果：伤害事故发生组A型行为评分时间紧迫感（TH）和总评分均高（P＜0．01）；伤害组A型和偏A型占61．7％，对照组为36．2％，两者差异有统计学意义。生活事件测定、智力测定、神经心理行为测定结果两组间差异均无统计学意义。结论：有A型行为特征的人群可能是职业伤害发生的高危人群，提示工伤事故的预防可从加强工人的个性和行为特征的教育入手。

Study on the neuropsychological and behavioral characters of occupational non - fatal injuries

[Objective] To study the neuropsychological and behavioral characters among occupational non - fatal injuries, and to provide a basis for preventing occupational injuries. [ Methods ] 47 cases that were injured within 2 years were selected with the method of case -control study. Workers from the same workplace, with the same type of work, gender, educational level and similar age (within 3 years' older or younger) were selected to match the 47 cases. The behavior [time hurry (TH), competition/hostility (CH)], living incident, intelligence quotient (IQ) , and neuropsychological test (reaction time, attention, time perception, action judgment, emotion stability) were conducted respectively. [Results] The score of TH in injured group was high ( P <0.01) . Type A and leaning type A in the injured group and the control group were 61.7% and 36.2% respectively. However, the score of living incident, IQ and neuropsychological test showed no difference between the injured group and control group. [Conclusion]The group of Type A profile may have high incidence of injuries. It indicates that behavior education is one of the best ways for the prevention of occupational injuries.