基原对半夏急性毒性和主要化学成分含量影响研究

目的对不同基原半夏的生物碱类和有机酸类成分含量和急性毒性大小进行比较研究,探讨基原对半夏质量与毒性的影响。方法运用酸性染料比色法、酸碱滴定法、HPLC法、经典急毒实验法,进行半夏、水半夏药材中总生物碱,总有机酸,麻黄碱、鸟苷、琥珀酸含量测定及急性毒性比较研究。结果不同基原总生物碱、总有机酸、鸟苷、琥珀酸含量均为半夏〉水半夏,麻黄碱含量为水半夏〉半夏。一日内按最大给药量给小鼠灌胃半夏、水半夏生品混悬液分别为34.8g/kg、38.4g/kg（按含生药量计算）,相当于临床70kg人每公斤体重日用量的270.7倍、298.7倍以上,连续观察14天,小鼠一般状况良好,无一死亡。结论不同基原半夏药材中主要化学成分含量和毒性大小存在显著差异,半夏毒性大于水半夏,且其毒性大小与总生物碱和总有机酸含量存在一定相关性。

Study on the Effect of Different Original Pinellia ternata on Acute Toxicity and the Main Chemical Composition

Objective By comparing the alkaloids and organic acids content and the acute toxicity of different original Pinellia ternata,to explore the effect of origin on the quality and toxicity of Pinellia ternata. Methods By using the acid dye colorimetry,acid-base titration,HPLC,and the classic acute toxicity experiment method,to determine the content of total alkaloids,total organic acids,ephedrine,guanosine,succinic acid in Pinellia ternata and Typhonium flagelliforme,and compare the acute toxicity. Results The contents of total alkaloids,total organic acids,guanosine,succinic acid in Pinellia ternata are all more than Typhonium Flagelliforme,and the content of ephedrine in Typhonium Flagelliforme is more than Pinellia ternata. The amounts to gavage mice original medicine suspension of Pinellia ternata and Typhonium Flagelliforme by the largest administration every day are separately 34.8g/kg and 38.4g/kg（calculated by raw medicinal herbs amount）,which is respectively equal to more than 270.7 times and 298.7 times of 70kg people＇s daily dried medicinal herb expenses,by continuous observation of 14 days,and the mice are in good general conditions and no one died. Conclusion There are significant differences on the contents of main chemical composition and the toxicity,the toxicity of Pinellia ternata is more than Typhonium Flagelliforme,and there is some relevance bettween the toxicity and the alkaloids and organic acids content.