N、P和K肥配施对川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响

目的研究N、P和K肥的施用量及配比对川白芷产量和欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响。方法采用L9(34)正交组合设计田间试验,测定川白芷产量,HPLC法测定根部欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量。结果不同N、P和K肥施用量及配比会显著影响川白芷的产量以及品质。N、P、K肥配施对川白芷的产量均表现为正效应,但对川白芷欧前胡素与异欧前胡素量的影响差异较大。在低K水平下(K2O 120 kg/hm2),适当增加N、P肥用量可增大欧前胡素的量;在高K水平下(K2O 240 kg/hm2),适中的N、P肥配比有利异欧前胡素的形成;在高N水平下(195 kg/hm2),无论P、K肥用量及配比多少欧前胡素、异欧前胡素量均小于空白(ck)。正交方差分析结果还表明,N、P和K肥对产量影响均达极显著水平,影响顺序为P肥>N肥>K肥;N、P和K肥对欧前胡素量的影响均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),其中P、K肥影响比N肥大;但仅N肥对异欧前胡素量影响到达显著水(P<0.05)。所有处理中,N施用量为150 kg/hm2,P2O5为225 kg/hm2,K2O为120 kg/hm2,N-P2O5-K2O的配比为1.3︰1.9︰1的产量和欧前胡素量最高,与ck之间的差异均达到了显著水平,同时异欧前胡素量也较高。结论在本实验条件下,得到较适宜配施方案,从而使川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量均提高。

Effects of fertilization ratios of N, P, and K on yield and active ingredients of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province

Objective To study the effects of the applied amounts and their ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on the yield and active ingredients of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province. Methods The field tests on N, P, and K ratios of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province were carried out by using orthogonal combination design, the yield was weighted, and the imperatorin and isoimperatorin contents in its roots were determined by HPLC method. Results The yield and the quality of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province were extremely affected by different N, P, and K ratios. The yield was increased with N, P, and K, but for imperatorin and isoimperatorin content, the influence of different N, P, and K ratios is very different. The imperatorin content was increased with the moderate increase of N and P under the lower level of K (K₂O 120 kg/hm²). The isoimperatorin content was increased with the moderate supplies of N and P ratios under the high level of K (K2O 240 kg/hm²). Whatever the ratios of P and K, the imperatorin content and isoimperatorin content are lower than that in the control treatment under the high level of N (195 kg/hm²). The orthogonal analysis of variance results also showed that the effects of N, P, and K on the yield reached extremely significant. The sequence of them was P > N > K.. The influence of N, P, and K on imperatorin all reached extremely significantly different level (P<0.01). Among them, the effect of P and K was higher than that of N. But only N had significant influence on the contents of isoimperatorin (P<0.05). The adapted combined application program was N 150 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 225 kg/hm², and K₂O 120 kg/hm², namely the ratio of N- P₂O- K₂O was 1.3:1.9:1, by which the highest yield and imperatorin content were obtained. There were significant difference compared with the control and its isoimperatorin content was the highest as well. Conclusion The above ratios of N, P, and K could improve the yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province as well as the content of imperatorin and isoimperatorin.