Short-term stenting using fully covered self-expandable metal stents for treatment of refractory biliary leaks, postsphincterotomy bleeding, and perforations

Background

Fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) have been used as a rescue therapy for several benign biliary tract conditions (BBC). Long-term stent placement commonly occurs, and prolonged FCSEMS placement is associated with the majority of the complications reported. This study evaluated the duration of stenting and the efficacy and safety of temporary FCSEMS placement for three BBCs: refractory biliary leaks, postsphincterotomy bleeding, and perforations.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series with long-term follow-up of 25 patients who underwent FCSEMS placement for BBCs. This study included 17 patients with postcholecystectomy refractory biliary leaks who had previously undergone unsuccessful sphincterotomy and plastic stent placement, 4 patients with difficult-to-control postsphincterotomy bleeding, and 4 patients with a perforation following endoscopic sphincterotomy. Stents were removed according to clinical evidence of problem resolution. The review included stenting duration, safe FCSEMS removal, clinical efficacy, complications, and long-term outcomes. During the follow-up period, ERCP and cholangioscopy procedures were performed to exclude the possibility of bile duct lesion development.

Results

Complete resolution of the initial condition was achieved in all patients. Patients with biliary leaks had a median stent duration time of 16 days (range 7–28 days). Patients with bleeding had stents removed after a median time of 6 days (range 3–15 days). Patients with perforations had their stents removed after a median time of 29.5 days (range 21–30 days). There were no complications related to stenting.

Conclusions

Temporary placement of a FCSEMS for 30 days or less is an effective rescue therapy for refractory biliary leaks, difficult-to-control post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding, and perforations. Duration of stenting should be different for each type of condition. Stents can be safely removed, and short-term stenting is associated with the absence of early and late complications.